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The advantages of post-quantum cryptography over classical cryptography are covered in this survey. We address several post-quantum cryptography techniques. We conclude that the deployment of quantum-safe cryptographic systems is…

Classical and quantum information theory are simply explained. To be more specific it is clarified why Shannon entropy is used as measure of classical information and after a brief review of quantum mechanics it is possible to demonstrate…

This paper is dedicated to the late Professor H.P. Yuen in commemoration to our 50-year friendship. He invented the concept of quantum stream cipher. It is designed based on a completely different concept from conventional ciphers. The…

Generating secure random numbers is a central problem in cryptography that needs a reliable source of enough computing entropy. Without enough entropy available - meaning no good source of secure random numbers - a device is susceptible to…

It is known that statistical predictions of quantum theory do not depend on its interpretation. In particular, an experiment cannot distinguish between the Copenhagen interpretation (involving no hidden variables) and the de Broglie-Bohm…

Detection-efficiency mismatch is a common problem in practical quantum key distribution (QKD) systems. Current security proofs of QKD with detection-efficiency mismatch rely either on the assumption of the single-photon light source on the…

In this work we review the security vulnerability of Quantum Cryptography with respect to "man-in-the-middle attacks" and the standard authentication methods applied to counteract these attacks. We further propose a modified authentication…

We review the current status of security proofs for practical decoy-state Quantum Key Distribution using the BB84 protocol, focusing on optical implementations with weak coherent pulses and threshold photodetectors. The primary aim of this…

We show the unconditional security of decoy-state method quantum cryptography with whatever intensity error pattern provided that the error is not too large. Our result immediately applies to the existing experimental data. Our result is…

Quantum technologies hold the promise of not only faster algorithmic processing of data, via quantum computation, but also of more secure communications, in the form of quantum cryptography. In recent years, a number of protocols have…

Quantum key distribution promises unconditionally secure communications. However, as practical devices tend to deviate from their specifications, the security of some practical systems is no longer valid. In particular, an adversary can…

Research in cybersecurity may seem reactive, specific, ephemeral, and indeed ineffective. Despite decades of innovation in defense, even the most critical software systems turn out to be vulnerable to attacks. Time and again. Offense and…

Based on principle of quantum mechanics, quantum cryptography provides an intriguing way to establish secret keys between remote parties, generally relying on actual transmission of signal particles. Surprisingly, an even more striking…

This paper has been withdrawn by Christino Tamon and Tomoyuki Yamakami because of errors of the main theorems. An erratum appeared in the Proceedings of the UMC 2000 Conference published by Springer.

Quantum cryptography is going to find practically useful applications. Recently some first quantum cryptographic solutions became available on the market. For clients it is important to be able to compare the quality and properties of the…

We study the Sign_then_Encrypt, Commit_then_Encrypt_and_Sign, and Encrypt_then_Sign paradigms in the context of two cryptographic primitives, namely designated confirmer signatures and signcryption. Our study identifies weaknesses in those…

Traditional and lightweight cryptography primitives and protocols are insecure against quantum attacks. Thus, a real-time application using traditional or lightweight cryptography primitives and protocols does not ensure full-proof…

In the last few years the world in which Quantum Cryptography evolves has deeply changed. On the one side the revelations of Snowden, though he said nothing really new, made the world more aware of the importance to protect sensitive data…

The no-cloning theorem is a cornerstone of quantum cryptography. Here we generalize and rederive in a unified framework various upper bounds on the maximum achievable fidelity of probabilistic and deterministic cloning machines. Building on…

In the absence of any efficient classical schemes for verifying a universal quantum computer, the importance of limiting the required quantum resources for this task has been highlighted recently. Currently, most of efficient quantum…