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Active inference is a formal approach to study cognition based on the notion that adaptive agents can be seen as engaging in a process of approximate Bayesian inference, via the minimisation of variational and expected free energies.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Filippo Torresan , Keisuke Suzuki , Ryota Kanai , Manuel Baltieri

An abstract architecture for idealized multi-agent systems whose behaviour is regulated by normative systems is developed and discussed. Agent choices are determined partially by the preference ordering of possible states and partially by…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Jan Odelstad , Magnus Boman

We live in a world brimming with uncertainty, where we constantly have to make a lot of decisions under incomplete information. We are firm believers that our subjective belief cannot be computed by rigorous mathematical formula; instead…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-02-08 Lizhi Xin , Kevin Xin , Houwen Xin

When agents' information is imperfect and dispersed, existing measures of macroeconomic uncertainty based on the forecast error variance have two distinct drivers: the variance of the economic shock and the variance of the information…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-02-06 Luca Gambetti , Dimitris Korobilis , John Tsoukalas , Francesco Zanetti

Can stated preferences inform counterfactual analyses of actual choice? This research proposes a novel approach to researchers who have access to both stated choices in hypothetical scenarios and actual choices, matched or unmatched. The…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-11-18 Romuald Meango , Marc Henry , Ismael Mourifie

People are often challenged to select one among several alternatives. This situation is present not only in decisions about complex issues, e.g., political or academic choices, but also about trivial ones, as in daily purchases at a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-06-14 Angelo M. Calvão , Marlon Ramos , Celia Anteneodo

Gallice and Monz\'on (2019) present a natural environment that sustains full co-operation in one-shot social dilemmas among a finite number of self-interested agents. They demonstrate that in a sequential public goods game, where agents…

General Economics · Economics 2026-03-13 Chowdhury Mohammad Sakib Anwar , Konstantinos Georgalos

To make accurate inferences in an interactive setting, an agent must not confuse passive observation of events with having intervened to cause them. The $do$ operator formalises interventions so that we may reason about their effect. Yet…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Michael Timothy Bennett

Comprehending procedural text, e.g., a paragraph describing photosynthesis, requires modeling actions and the state changes they produce, so that questions about entities at different timepoints can be answered. Although several recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-08-31 Niket Tandon , Bhavana Dalvi Mishra , Joel Grus , Wen-tau Yih , Antoine Bosselut , Peter Clark

One main goal of argumentation theory is to evaluate arguments and to determine whether they should be accepted or rejected. When there is no clear answer, a third option, being undecided, has to be taken into account. Indecision is often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-07 Daniela Schuster

We study the design of mechanisms under asymmetric awareness and information. While the mechanism designer cannot necessarily commit to a particular social choice function in the face of unawareness, she can at least commit to properties of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Kym Pram , Burkhard C. Schipper

It is common to encounter the situation with uncertainty for decision makers (DMs) in dealing with a complex decision making problem. The existing evidence shows that people usually fear the extreme uncertainty named as the unknown. This…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2021-08-05 Fang Liu

It is common to make a distinction between "strategic" behavior and other forms of intentional but "nonstrategic" behavior: typically, that strategic agents model other agents while nonstrategic agents do not. However, a crisp boundary…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-12 James R. Wright , Kevin Leyton-Brown

In this paper, we investigate the probabilistic variants of the strategy logics ATL and ATL* under imperfect information. Specifically, we present novel decidability and complexity results when the model transitions are stochastic and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Francesco Belardinelli , Wojciech Jamroga , Munyque Mittelmann , Aniello Murano

Principled accountability for autonomous decision-making in uncertain environments requires distinguishing intentional outcomes from negligent designs from actual accidents. We propose analyzing the behavior of autonomous agents through a…

The quantum decision theory is examined in its simplest form of two-condition two-choice setting. A set of inequalities to be satisfied by any quantum conditional probability describing the decision process is derived. Experimental data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-11-22 Taksu Cheon , Taiki Takahashi

We introduce a novel semantics for a multi-agent epistemic operator of knowing how, based on an indistinguishability relation between plans. Our proposal is, arguably, closer to the standard presentation of knowing that modalities in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Carlos Areces , Raul Fervari , Andrés R. Saravia , Fernando R. Velázquez-Quesada

Present bias, the tendency to weigh costs and benefits incurred in the present too heavily, is one of the most widespread human behavioral biases. It has also been the subject of extensive study in the behavioral economics literature. While…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-03-29 Jon Kleinberg , Sigal Oren , Manish Raghavan

Deliberation plays an important role in the design of rational agents embedded in the real-world. In particular, deliberation leads to the formation of intentions, i.e., plans of action that the agent is committed to achieving. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-26 Anand S. Rao , Michael P. Georgeff

In stochastic decision problems, one often wants to estimate the underlying probability measure statistically, and then to use this estimate as a basis for decisions. We shall consider how the uncertainty in this estimation can be…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-05-24 Samuel N. Cohen