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We study the geometry of Engel structures, which are 2-plane fields on 4-manifolds satisfying a generic condition, that are compatible with other geometric structures. A complex Engel structure is an Engel 2-plane field on a complex surface…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2018-05-22 Zhiyong Zhao

Recently there has been renewed interest among differential geometers in the theory of Engel structures. We introduce holomorphic analogues of these structures, and pose the problem of classifying projective manifolds admitting them.…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2014-07-23 Francisco Presas , Luis Eduardo Sola Conde

This article introduces the notion of a loose family of Engel structures and shows that two such families are Engel homotopic if and only if they are formally homotopic. This implies a complete h-principle when some auxiliary data is fixed.…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2021-07-06 Roger Casals , Álvaro del Pino , Francisco Presas

We give a sufficient condition for an $\mathbb{S}^1$-bundle over a $3$-manifold to admit an immersion (or embedding) into $\mathbb{C}^3$ so that its complex tangencies define an Engel structure. In particular, every oriented…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-09-18 Eduardo Fernández , Álvaro del Pino , Wei Zhou

We study the geometry of Engel structures, which are 2-plane fields on 4-manifolds satisfying a generic condition, that are compatible with other geometric structures. A \em{Lagrangian} Engel structure is an Engel 2-plane field on a…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2018-05-24 Zhiyong Zhao

A holomorphic Engel structure determines a flag of distributions $\mathcal{W}\subset \mathcal{D}\subset \mathcal{E}$. We construct examples of Engel structures on $\mathbf{C}^4$ such that each of these distributions is hyperbolic in the…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2017-07-19 Rui Coelho , Nicola Pia

For any Engel 4-fold, we show that the scanning map from the space of Engel knots to the space of formal Engel knots is a weak homotopy equivalence when restricted to the complement of the orbits of the Engel kernel. This is a relative,…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-10-31 Roger Casals , Álvaro del Pino

This paper studies the homotopy theory of parameterized spectrum objects in a model category from a global point of view. More precisely, for a model category $\mathcal{M}$ satisfying suitable conditions, we construct a relative model…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2018-02-23 Yonatan Harpaz , Joost Nuiten , Matan Prasma

We develop a construction of Engel stuctures on 4-manifolds based on decompositions of manifolds into round handles. This allows us to show that all parallelizable 4-manifolds admit an Engel structure. We also show that, given two Engel…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2009-01-08 T. Vogel

We show that tori in Engel 4-manifolds behave analogously to knots in contact 3-manifolds: Every torus with trivial normal bundle is isotopic to infinitely many distinct transverse tori, distinguished locally (and globally in the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-06-03 Robert E. Gompf

We classify complex surfaces $(M,\,J)$ admitting Engel structures $\mathcal{D}$ which are complex line bundles. Namely we prove that this happens if and only if $(M,\,J)$ has trivial Chern classes. We construct examples of such Engel…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2022-08-08 Nicola Pia , Giovanni Placini

In this article we prove that the inclusion of the space of Engel structures of a smooth $4$-fold into the space of full flags of its tangent bundle induces surjections in all homotopy groups. In particular, we construct Engel structures…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2015-07-23 Roger Casals , Jose Luis Pérez , Álvaro del Pino , Francisco Presas

We study pairs of Engel structures on four-manifolds whose intersection has constant rank one and which define the same even contact structure, but induce different orientations on it. We establish a correspondence between such pairs of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-10-09 D. Kotschick , T. Vogel

We apply spectral sequences to derive both an obstruction to the existence of $n$-fold prolongations and a topological classification. Prolongations have been used in the literature in an attempt to prove that every Engel structure on…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2012-09-06 Mirko Klukas , Bijan Sahamie

This paper presents a classification of the total spaces of $S^3$-bundles over $\mathbb{C}P^2$ up to orientation-preserving homotopy equivalence. Our approach proceeds in two steps: we first derive the PL-homeomorphism classification for…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Wancheng Liu

The topological classification of gapped band structures depends on the particular definition of topological equivalence. For translation-invariant systems, stable equivalence is defined by a lack of restrictions on the numbers of occupied…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-01-29 Piet W. Brouwer , Vatsal Dwivedi

A simple proof is given of the following result first observed by J. Adachi: embedded circles tangent to the standard Engel structure on Euclidean 4-space are classified, up to isotopy via such embeddings, by their rotation number.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2008-09-29 Hansjörg Geiges

The article is devoted to microbundles over topological rings. Their structure, homomorphisms, automorphisms and extensions are studied. Moreover, compactifications and inverse spectra of microbundles over topological rings are…

General Topology · Mathematics 2019-03-29 Sergey V. Ludkovsky

Hyperholomorphic bundle is a bundle with connection defined over a hyperkaehler manifold such that this connection is holomorphic with respect to all complex structures induced by a hyperkaehler structure. A hyperholomorphic connection is…

alg-geom · Mathematics 2008-02-03 Misha Verbitsky

This paper explores the relation between the structure of fibre bundles akin to those associated to a closed almost nonnegatively sectionally curved manifold and rational homotopy theory.

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2019-03-04 Giovanni Bazzoni , Gregory Lupton , John Oprea
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