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An $acyclic$ edge coloring of a graph is a proper edge coloring such that there are no bichromatic cycles. The \emph{acyclic chromatic index} of a graph is the minimum number k such that there is an acyclic edge coloring using k colors and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-12-04 Manu Basavaraju , L. Sunil Chandran , Manoj Kummini

A strong edge-coloring of a graph $G$ is a coloring of the edges such that every color class induces a matching in $G$. The strong chromatic index of a graph is the minimum number of colors needed in a strong edge-coloring of the graph. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-20 Mingfang Huang , Michael Santana , Gexin Yu

An $\ell$-facial edge-coloring of a plane graph is a coloring of its edges such that any two edges at distance at most $\ell$ on a boundary walk of any face receive distinct colors. It is the edge-coloring variant of the $\ell$-facial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-16 Mirko Horňák , Borut Lužar , Kenny Štorgel

The precoloring problem of a graph involves assigning colors to some vertices beforehand, and the objective is to determine whether it can be extended to a proper k-coloring of the entire graph. In 1958, Grotzsch proved that every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Xingchao Deng , Beiyan Zou , Hong Zhai

Wang and Lih in 2002 conjectured that every planar graph without adjacent triangles is 4-choosable. In this paper, we prove that every planar graph without any 4-cycle adjacent to two triangles is DP-4-colorable, which improves the results…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-25 Runrun Liu , Xiangwen Li

A graph $G$ is $(d_1,d_2,d_3)$-colorable if the vertex set $V(G)$ can be partitioned into three subsets $V_1,V_2$ and $V_3$ such that for $i\in\{1,2,3\}$, the induced graph $G[V_i]$ has maximum vertex-degree at most $d_i$. So,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-03 Ligang Jin , Yingli Kang , Peipei Liu , Yingqian Wang

\qquad A \emph{coloring} of a digraph $D=(V,E)$ is a coloring of its vertices following the rule: Let $uv$ be an arc in $D$. If the tail $u$ is colored first, then the head $v$ should receive a color different from that of $u$. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-04-02 E. Sampathkumar

An edge weighting problem of a graph G is an assignment of an integer weight to each edge e. Based on edge weighting problem, several types of vertex-coloring problems are put forward. A simple observation illuminates that edge weighting…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-07-09 Yinghua Duan , Hongliang Lu , Qinglin yu

An interval coloring of a graph G is a proper coloring of E(G) by positive integers such that the colors on the edges incident to any vertex are consecutive. A (3,4)-biregular bigraph is a bipartite graph in which each vertex of one part…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Armen S. Asratian , Carl Johan Casselgren , Jennifer Vandenbussche , Douglas B. West

A colouring of a graph is "nonrepetitive" if for every path of even order, the sequence of colours on the first half of the path is different from the sequence of colours on the second half. We show that planar graphs have nonrepetitive…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-24 Vida Dujmović , Louis Esperet , Gwenaël Joret , Bartosz Walczak , David R. Wood

Let $\partial_H(u)$ be the set of edges incident with a vertex $u$ in the graph $H$. We say that a graph $G$ is $H$-colorable if there exist total functions $f : E(G) \rightarrow E(H)$ and $g : V(G) \rightarrow V(H)$ such that $f$ is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-12 Jorik Jooken

A graph $G$ is \emph{uniquely k-colorable} if the chromatic number of $G$ is $k$ and $G$ has only one $k$-coloring up to permutation of the colors. A uniquely $k$-colorable graph $G$ is edge-critical if $G-e$ is not a uniquely $k$-colorable…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-12-31 Zepeng Li , Enqiang Zhu , Zehui Shao , Jin Xu

In this paper, a theorem is proved that generalizes several existing amalgamation results in various ways. The main aim is to disentangle a given edge-colored amalgamated graph so that the result is a graph in which the edges are shared out…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-12 Amin Bahmanian , Chris Rodger

There are several ways to generalize graph coloring to signed graphs. M\'a\v{c}ajov\'a, Raspaud and \v{S}koviera introduced one of them and conjectured that in this setting, for signed planar graphs four colors are always enough,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-14 František Kardoš , Jonathan Narboni

Let $G = (V, E)$ be an $n$-vertex edge-colored graph. In 2013, H. Li proved that if every vertex $v \in V$ is incident to at least $(n+1)/2$ distinctly colored edges, then $G$ admits a rainbow triangle. We prove that the same hypothesis…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-24 Andrzej Czygrinow , Theodore Molla , Brendan Nagle , Roy Oursler

It was conjectured by Steinberg in 1976 that planar graphs without cycles of length 4 or 5 are 3-colorable. This conjecture attracted a substantial amount of attention and was finally refuted by Cohen-Addad, Hebdige, Kr\'{a}l', Li and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Xiaoyan Xu , Xuding Zhu

We prove the conjecture made by G.Wegner in 1977 that the square of every planar, cubic graph is $7$-colorable. Here, $7$ cannot be replaced by $6$.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-08-16 Carsten Thomassen

The proof uses the property that the vertices of a triangulated planar graph can be four coloured if the triangles can have a +1 or -1 orientation so that the sum of the triangle orientations around each vertex is a multiple of 3. Such…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2008-08-24 Patrick Labarque

A graph is (7, 2)-edge-choosable if, for every assignment of lists of size 7 to the edges, it is possible to choose two colors for each edge from its list so that no color is chosen for two incident edges. We show that every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-10-12 Daniel W. Cranston , Douglas B. West

We define a method for edge coloring signed graphs and what it means for such a coloring to be proper. Our method has many desirable properties: it specializes to the usual notion of edge coloring when the signed graph is all-negative, it…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-12-05 Richard Behr
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