Related papers: Saha Equation Normalized to Total Atomic Number De…
It is perhaps appropriate that, in a year marking the 90th anniversary of Meghnad Saha seminal paper (1920), new developments should call fresh attention to the problem of ionization equilibrium in gases. Ionization equilibrium is…
The Saha equation follows from thermal equilibrium of matter and radiation. We discuss this problem of equilibrium in the early universe, when matter consists mostly of electrons, protons and hydrogen atoms. Taking H-atoms in their ground…
The Saha equation provides the relation between two consecutive ionization state populations, like the Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity distribution of the atoms in a gas ensemble. Saha equation can also consider the partitions functions for both…
We have studied Saha equation for photo-ionization of hydrogen atoms in partially ionized relativistic hydrogen plasma in Rindler space. Following the principle of equivalence, we have obtained the abundances of neutral hydrogen atoms,…
The formation and decay of metastable bound states can significantly decrease the thermal-relic dark matter density, particularly for dark matter masses around and above the TeV scale. Incorporating bound-state effects in the dark matter…
Tsallis' thermostatistical has received increasing attention due to its success in describing phenomena that manifest unusual thermodynamic properties. In this context, the generalized Saha equation must follow a condition of generalized…
The aim of this paper is to study a system of three equations for ionized gas dynamics at high temperature, in one spatial dimension. In addition to the mass density, pressure and particle velocity, a further quantity is needed, namely, the…
The Saha equations for photo-ionization process of hydrogen atoms and the creation of electron-positron pairs at high temperature are investigated in a reference frame undergoing a uniform accelerated motion in an otherwise flat Minkowski…
The theoretical model by Sorasio et al. (2006) for the steady state Mach number of electrostatic shocks formed in the interaction of two plasma slabs of arbitrary density and temperature is generalized for relativistic electron and…
The hydrogen plasma is studied at temperatures T ~ 10^4 - 10^6 K using the free energy minimization method. A simple analytic free energy model is proposed which is accurate at densities up to 1 g/cc and yields convergent internal partition…
Charge state distributions in hot, dense plasmas are a key ingredient in the calculation of spectral quantities like the opacity. However, they are challenging to calculate, as models like Saha-Boltzmann become unreliable for dense, quantum…
Ionization is a problematic quantity in that it does not have a well-defined thermodynamic definition, yet it is a key parameter within plasma modelling. One still therefore aims to find a consistent and unambiguous definition for the…
The normalization of scattering states is more than a rote step necessary to calculate expectation values. This normalization actually contains important information regarding the density of the scattering spectrum (along with useful…
A realistic description of partially-ionized matter in extreme thermodynamic states is critical to model the interior and evolution of the multiplicity of high-density astrophysical objects. Current predictions of its essential property,…
The excess number of atoms around an ion immersed in a Bose-Einstein condensate is determined as a function of the condensate density far from the ion. We use thermodynamic arguments to demonstrate that in the limit of low densities the…
We consider the hydrogen quantum plasma in the Saha regime, where it almost reduces to a partially ionized atomic gas. We briefly review the construction of systematic expansions of thermodynamical functions beyond Saha theory, which…
Equation of state for partially ionized carbon at temperatures T > ~ 10^5 K is calculated in a wide range of densities, using the method of free energy minimization in the framework of the chemical picture of plasmas. The free energy model…
The interaction of partially ionized plasmas with an electromagnetic field is investigated using quantum statistical methods. A general statistical expression for the current density of a plasma in an electromagnetic field is presented and…
Based on accurate Lennard-Jones type interaction potentials, we derive a closed set of state equations for the description of warm atomic gases in the presence of ionization processes. The specific heat is predicted to exhibit peaks in…
Models of neutron stars are considered in the case of a uniform density distribution. An algebraic equation, valid for any equation of state, is obtained. This equation allows one to find the approximate mass of a star of a given density…