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Proportional choosability is a list coloring analogue of equitable coloring. Specifically, a $k$-assignment $L$ for a graph $G$ specifies a list $L(v)$ of $k$ available colors to each $v \in V(G)$. An $L$-coloring assigns a color to each…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-04 Jeffrey A. Mudrock , Robert Piechota , Paul Shin , Tim Wagstrom

A generalization of list-coloring, now known as DP-coloring, was recently introduced by Dvo\v{r}\'{a}k and Postle. Essentially, DP-coloring assigns an arbitrary matching between lists of colors at adjacent vertices, as opposed to only…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-21 Runrun Liu , Sarah Loeb , Martin Rolek , Yuxue Yin , Gexin Yu

Let $G$ be a graph and c a proper k-coloring of G, i.e. any two adjacent vertices u and v have different colors c(u) and c(v). A proper k-coloring is a b-coloring if there exists a vertex in every color class that contains all the colors in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-23 Magda Dettlaff , Hanna Furmańczyk , Iztok Peterin , Riana Roux , Radosław Ziemann

Deciding whether a planar graph (even of maximum degree $4$) is $3$-colorable is NP-complete. Determining subclasses of planar graphs being $3$-colorable has a long history, but since Gr\"{o}tzsch's result that triangle-free planar graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-15 François Dross , Borut Lužar , Mária Maceková , Roman Soták

We investigate the question of finding a bound for the size of a $\chi$-colorable finite visibility graph that has at most $\ell$ collinear points. This can be regarded as a relaxed version of the Big Line - Big Clique conjecture. We prove…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-10-28 Bálint Hujter , Sándor Kisfaludi-Bak

The List-3-Coloring Problem is to decide, given a graph $G$ and a list $L(v)\subseteq \{1,2,3\}$ of colors assigned to each vertex $v$ of $G$, whether $G$ admits a proper coloring $\phi$ with $\phi(v)\in L(v)$ for every vertex $v$ of $G$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-03 Sepehr Hajebi , Yanjia Li , Sophie Spirkl

A graph $G$ is $(a,b)$-choosable if for any color list of size $a$ associated with each vertices, one can choose a subset of $b$ colors such that adjacent vertices are colored with disjoint color sets. This paper shows an equivalence…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2010-06-16 Yves Aubry , Godin Jean-Christophe , Togni Olivier

We investigate the List $H$-Coloring problem, the generalization of graph coloring that asks whether an input graph $G$ admits a homomorphism to the undirected graph $H$ (possibly with loops), such that each vertex $v \in V(G)$ is mapped to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Hubie Chen , Bart M. P. Jansen , Karolina Okrasa , Astrid Pieterse , Paweł Rzążewski

Graph coloring with preferences offers a powerful framework for constraint satisfaction problems in which fulfilling every request is impossible but satisfying a guaranteed positive fraction is highly desirable. A \emph{request} on a graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-25 Shu Fang , Runrun Liu , Gexin Yu

We conclude an investigation of Abrishami, Esperet, Giocanti, Hamman, Knappe and M\"oller studying the existence of periodic colourings of locally finite graphs. A colouring of a graph $\Gamma$ is periodic if the resulting coloured graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-27 Luke Waite

We conjecture that every graph of minimum degree five with no separating triangles and drawn in the plane with one crossing is 4-colorable. In this paper, we use computer enumeration to show that this conjecture holds for all graphs with at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-15 Zdeněk Dvořák , Bernard Lidický , Bojan Mohar

An $r$-regular graph is an $r$-graph, if every odd set of vertices is connected to its complement by at least $r$ edges. Let $G$ and $H$ be $r$-graphs. An $H$-coloring of $G$ is a mapping $f\colon E(G) \to E(H)$ such that each $r$ adjacent…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-16 Yulai Ma , Davide Mattiolo , Eckhard Steffen , Isaak H. Wolf

The star chromatic index of a multigraph $G$, denoted $\chi'_{s}(G)$, is the minimum number of colors needed to properly color the edges of $G$ such that no path or cycle of length four is bi-colored. A multigraph $G$ is star…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-13 Hui Lei , Yongtang Shi , Zi-Xia Song , Tao Wang

We prove a conjecture of Dvo\v{r}\'ak, Kr\'al, Nejedl\'y, and \v{S}krekovski that planar graphs of girth at least five are square $(\Delta+2)$-colorable for large enough $\Delta$. In fact, we prove the stronger statement that such graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-18 Marthe Bonamy , Daniel W. Cranston , Luke Postle

In 1972, Mader showed that every graph without a 3-connected subgraph is 4-degenerate and thus 5-colorable}. We show that the number 5 of colors can be replaced by 4, which is best possible.

A (vertex) colouring of graph is \emph{acyclic} if it contains no bicoloured cycle. In 1979, Borodin proved that planar graphs are acyclically 5-colourable. In 2010, Kawarabayashi and Mohar proved that locally planar graphs are acyclically…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-13 Luke Postle , Evelyne Smith-Roberge , Massimo Vicenzo

For graphs of bounded maximum average degree, we consider the problem of 2-distance coloring. This is the problem of coloring the vertices while ensuring that two vertices that are adjacent or have a common neighbor receive different…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-01-31 Marthe Bonamy , Benjamin Lévêque , Alexandre Pinlou

A \textit{distinguishing coloring} of a graph $G$ is a coloring of the vertices so that every nontrivial automorphism of $G$ maps some vertex to a vertex with a different color. The \textit{distinguishing number} of $G$ is the minimum $k$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-16 Poppy Immel , Paul S. Wenger

A tree-coloring of a maximal planar graph is a proper vertex $4$-coloring such that every bichromatic subgraph, induced by this coloring, is a tree. A maximal planar graph $G$ is tree-colorable if $G$ has a tree-coloring. In this article,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-03-21 Enqiang Zhu , Zepeng Li , Zehui Shao , Jin Xu

Call a colouring of a graph distinguishing, if the only colour preserving automorphism is the identity. A conjecture of Tucker states that if every automorphism of a graph $G$ moves infinitely many vertices, then there is a distinguishing…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-10-10 Florian Lehner , Monika Pilśniak , Marcin Stawiski