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We study the model-checking problem for first- and monadic second-order logic on finite relational structures. The problem of verifying whether a formula of these logics is true on a given structure is considered intractable in general, but…

We show that Morley's theorem on the number of countable models of a countable first-order theory becomes an undecidable statement when extended to second-order logic. More generally, we calculate the number of equivalence classes of…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-07-06 Christopher J. Eagle , Clovis Hamel , Sandra Müller , Franklin D. Tall

We show that a partial-correctness assertion about an iterative program is provable in Hoare Logic iffit is provable in standard second-order logic with comprehension restricted to first-order predicates. This equivalence was claimed twice…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Daniel Leivant

This paper sheds new light on several interrelated topics of second-order variational analysis, both in finite and infinite-dimensional settings. We establish new relationships between second-order growth conditions on functions, the basic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-04-30 D. Drusvyatskiy , B. S. Mordukhovich , T. T. A. Nghia

We show that constructible models of arbitrary complete continuous first-order theories are unique up to isomorphism.

Logic · Mathematics 2025-01-07 James E. Hanson

Lindstr\"om's Theorem characterizes first order logic as the maximal logic satisfying the Compactness Theorem and the Downward L\"owenheim-Skolem Theorem. If we do not assume that logics are closed under negation, there is an obvious…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-04-17 Saharon Shelah , Jouko Väänänen

This paper is devoted to systematic studies of some extensions of first-order G\"odel logic. The first extension is the first-order rational G\"odel logic which is an extension of first-order G\"odel logic, enriched by countably many…

We introduce a restricted second-order logic $\mathrm{SO}^{\mathit{plog}}$ for finite structures where second-order quantification ranges over relations of size at most poly-logarithmic in the size of the structure. We demonstrate the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Flavio Ferrarotti , Senen Gonzáles , Klaus-Dieter Schewe , José María Turull-Torres

We introduce a notion of secondary characteristic classes of Lie algebra extensions. As a spin-off of our construction we obtain a new proof of Lecomte's generalization of the Chern-Weil homomorphism.

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-12-24 Stefan Wagner

This dissertation is a contribution to the project of second-order set theory, which has seen a revival in recent years. The approach is to understand second-order set theory by studying the structure of models of second-order set theories.…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-04-26 Kameryn J Williams

We settle the complexity of satisfiability, finite-state satisfiability, and model-checking for several fragments of second-order HyperLTL, which extends HyperLTL with quantification over sets of traces: they are all in the analytical…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Gaëtan Regaud , Martin Zimmermann

We study the extension of dependence logic D by a majority quantifier M over finite structures. We show that the resulting logic is equi-expressive with the extension of second-order logic by second-order majority quantifiers of all…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-03-11 Arnaud Durand , Johannes Ebbing , Juha Kontinen , Heribert Vollmer

We construct a model category (in the sense of Quillen) for set theory, starting from two arbitrary, but natural, conventions. It is the simplest category satisfying our conventions and modelling the notions of finiteness, countability and…

Logic · Mathematics 2013-05-29 Assaf Hasson , Misha Gavrilovich

A forcing extension may create new isomorphisms between two models of a first order theory. Certain model theoretic constraints on the theory and other constraints on the forcing can prevent this pathology. A countable first order theory is…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-09-06 John T. Baldwin , Michael C. Laskowski , Saharon Shelah

We consider the termination/non-termination property of a class of loops. Such loops are commonly used abstractions of real program pieces. Second-order logic is a convenient language to express non-termination. Of course, such property is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-12-11 Fred Mesnard , Etienne Payet

NTP2 is a large class of first-order theories defined by Shelah and generalizing simple and NIP theories. Algebraic examples of NTP2 structures are given by ultra-products of p-adics and certain valued difference fields (such as a…

Logic · Mathematics 2013-04-18 Artem Chernikov , Itay Kaplan , Pierre Simon

Consider a linear ordering equipped with a finite sequence of monadic predicates. If the ordering contains an interval of order type \omega or -\omega, and the monadic second-order theory of the combined structure is decidable, there exists…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Alexis Bes , Alexander Rabinovich

This paper provides two extensions of first order logic by `$\omega$-rules'. In each case we characterize the countable structures whose theory in the logic is categorical (has a unique model). In the one-sorted inferential $\omega$-logic,…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-04-28 John T. Baldwin , Constantin C. Brîncuş

We interpret homogenousness as a second order property and base it on the same principle as nonmonotonic logic: there might be a small set of exceptions. We use this idea to analyse fundamental questions about defeasible inheritance…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Karl Schlechta

I have argued elsewhere that second order logic provides a foundation for mathematics much in the same way as set theory does, despite the fact that the former is second order and the latter first order, but second order logic is marred by…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-02-14 Jouko Väänänen