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We study the expressiveness and succinctness of history-deterministic pushdown automata (HD-PDA) over finite words, that is, pushdown automata whose nondeterminism can be resolved based on the run constructed so far, but independently of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Shibashis Guha , Ismaël Jecker , Karoliina Lehtinen , Martin Zimmermann

A regular language $L$ is union-free if it can be represented by a regular expression without the union operation. A union-free language is deterministic if it can be accepted by a deterministic one-cycle-free-path finite automaton; this is…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-01-04 Janusz A. Brzozowski , Sylvie Davies

It is well known that for a regular tree language it is decidable whether or not it can be recognized by a deterministic top-down tree automaton (DTA). However, the computational complexity of this problem has not been studied. We show that…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Peter Leupold , Sebastian Maneth

In this paper, we give a deterministic pushdown transducer and a normal sequence of digits compressed by it. This solves positively a question left open in a previous paper by V. Becher, P. A. Heiber and the first author.

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Olivier Carton , Sylvain Perifel

We define a new class of pushdown systems where the pushdown is a tree instead of a word. We allow a limited form of lookahead on the pushdown conforming to a certain ordering restriction, and we show that the resulting class enjoys a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-10-13 Lorenzo Clemente , Paweł Parys , Sylvain Salvati , Igor Walukiewicz

A three-way (resp., two-way) two-dimensional automaton has a read-only input head that moves in three (resp., two) directions on a finite array of cells labelled by symbols of the input alphabet. Restricting the input head movement of a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Taylor J. Smith , Kai Salomaa

We study an expressive model of timed pushdown automata extended with modular and fractional clock constraints. We show that the binary reachability relation is effectively expressible in hybrid linear arithmetic with a rational and an…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Lorenzo Clemente , Sławomir Lasota

We consider blind, deterministic, finite automata equipped with a register which stores an element of a given monoid, and which is modified by right multiplication by monoid elements. We show that, for monoids M drawn from a large class…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Mark Kambites

We consider the state complexity of basic operations on tree languages recognized by deterministic unranked tree automata. For the operations of union and intersection the upper and lower bounds of both weakly and strongly deterministic…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-08-11 Xiaoxue Piao , Kai Salomaa

We consider the computability and complexity of decision questions for Probabilistic Finite Automata (PFA) with sub-exponential ambiguity. We show that the emptiness problem for strict and non-strict cut-points of polynomially ambiguous…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-30 Paul C. Bell

In [1], we introduced the weakly synchronizing languages for probabilistic automata. In this report, we show that the emptiness problem of weakly synchronizing languages for probabilistic automata is undecidable. This implies that the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-06-06 Laurent Doyen , Thierry Massart , Mahsa Shirmohammadi

We consider the problem of minimising the number of states in a multiplicity tree automaton over the field of rational numbers. We give a minimisation algorithm that runs in polynomial time assuming unit-cost arithmetic. We also show that a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Stefan Kiefer , Ines Marusic , James Worrell

In this paper we revisit Safra's determinization constructions for automata on infinite words. We show how to construct deterministic automata with fewer states and, most importantly, parity acceptance conditions. Determinization is used in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Nir Piterman

We exhibit the construction of a deterministic automaton that, given k > 0, recognizes the (regular) language of k-differentiable words. Our approach follows a scheme of Crochemore et al. based on minimal forbidden words. We extend this…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-03-18 Jean-Marc Fédou , Gabriele Fici

This paper studies the complexity of languages of finite words using automata theory. To go beyond the class of regular languages, we consider infinite automata and the notion of state complexity defined by Karp. Motivated by the seminal…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-12-25 Nathanaël Fijalkow

History-deterministic automata are those in which nondeterministic choices can be correctly resolved stepwise: there is a strategy to select a continuation of a run given the next input letter so that if the overall input word admits some…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Soumyajit Paul , David Purser , Sven Schewe , Qiyi Tang , Patrick Totzke , Di-De Yen

A $d$-limited automaton is a Turing machine that may rewrite each input cell at most~$d$ times. Hibbard (1967) showed that for every $d \geq 2$ such automata recognize all context-free languages and that deterministic $d$-limited automata…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Alexander Rubtsov

Regular nested word languages (a.k.a. visibly pushdown languages) strictly extend regular word languages, while preserving their main closure and decidability properties. Previous works have shown that considering languages of 2-nested…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Séverine Fratani , Guillaume Maurras , Pierre-Alain Reynier

We report some further developments regarding the language theory of higher-dimensional automata (HDAs). Regular languages of HDAs are sets of finite interval partially ordered multisets (pomsets) with interfaces. We show a pumping lemma…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Amazigh Amrane , Hugo Bazille , Uli Fahrenberg , Krzysztof Ziemiański

Deterministic 2-head finite automata which are machines that process an input word from both ends are analyzed for their ability to perform reversible computations. This implies that the automata are backward deterministic, enabling unique…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Benedek Nagy , Walaa Yasin