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Observations of gamma-ray-bursts and jets from active galactic nuclei reveal that the jet flow is characterized by a high radiative efficiency and that the dissipative mechanism must be a powerful accelerator of non-thermal particles.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-20 Lorenzo Sironi , Maria Petropoulou , Dimitrios Giannios

We present simulations of magnetized astrophysical shocks taking into account the interplay between the thermal plasma of the shock and supra-thermal particles. Such interaction is depicted by combining a grid-based magneto-hydrodynamics…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-10-02 Allard Jan van Marle , Fabien Casse , Alexandre Marcowith

Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental plasma process that converts magnetic energy into bulk flow energy, thermal energy, and nonthermal particle acceleration. Despite its importance, the statistical properties of the turbulent…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-12-16 Yue Hu , Luca Comisso , Lorenzo Sironi , Siyao Xu

We show that magnetic reconnection in a magnetically-dominated fast-cooling plasma can naturally produce bright flares accompanied by rotations in the synchrotron polarization vector. With particle-in-cell simulations of reconnection, we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-07-30 David N. Hosking , Lorenzo Sironi

This review discusses the physics of magnetic reconnection, a process in which the magnetic field topology changes and magnetic energy is converted to kinetic energy, in pair plasmas in the relativistic regime. We focus on recent progress…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-23 Daniel Kagan , Lorenzo Sironi , Benoit Cerutti , Dimitrios Giannios

Collisionless magnetic reconnection is a prime candidate to account for flare-like or steady emission, outflow launching, or plasma heating, in a variety of high-energy astrophysical objects, including ones with relativistic ion-electron…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-11-05 Mickaël Melzani , Rolf Walder , Doris Folini , Christophe Winisdoerffer , Jean M. Favre

We investigate shock structure and particle acceleration in relativistic magnetized collisionless pair shocks by means of 2.5D and 3D particle-in-cell simulations. We explore a range of inclination angles between the pre-shock magnetic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2011-02-11 Lorenzo Sironi , Anatoly Spitkovsky

We investigate electron acceleration resulting from 3D magnetic reconnection between an emerging, twisted magnetic flux rope and a pre-existing weak, open magnetic field. We first follow the rise of an unstable, twisted flux tube with a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2012-11-07 G. Baumann , Å. Nordlund

How energy is converted into thermal energy in weakly collisional and collisionless plasma processes such as magnetic reconnection and plasma turbulence has recently been the subject of intense scrutiny. The pressure-strain interaction has…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-05-31 M. Hasan Barbhuiya , Paul A. Cassak

We review the physics of relativistic shocks, which are often invoked as the sources of non-thermal particles in pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), and active galactic nuclei (AGN) jets, and as possible sources of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-11-21 Lorenzo Sironi , Uri Keshet , Martin Lemoine

Magnetic reconnection in relativistic plasmas -- where the magnetization $\sigma\gg1$ -- is regarded as an efficient particle accelerator, capable of explaining the most dramatic astrophysical flares. We employ two-dimensional (2D)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-01-03 Sanya Gupta , Navin Sridhar , Lorenzo Sironi

Using analytical and numerical methods (fluid and particle-in-cell simulations) we study a number of model problems involving merger of magnetic flux tubes in relativistic magnetically-dominated plasma. Mergers of current-carrying flux…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-05-18 Maxim Lyutikov , Serguei Komissarov , Lorenzo Sironi , Oliver Porth

In this paper, we present a detailed hydrodynamical study of the properties of the flow produced by the collision of a pulsar wind with the surrounding in a binary system. This work is the first attempt to simulate interaction of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 S. V. Bogovalov , D. Khangulyan , A. V. Koldoba , G. V. Ustyugova , F. Aharonian

Relativistic magnetic reconnection is a key process for accelerating charged particles and producing high-energy radiation. We study this process using relativistic resistive magnetohydrodynamics simulations. Starting with Harris sheet…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Harihar Pradhan , Kirit D Makwana , Bart Ripperda

Using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we study the evolution of a strongly magnetized plasma slab propagating into a finite density ambient medium. Like previous work, we find that the slab breaks into discrete magnetic pulses. The…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Gunnar Paesold , Eric G. Blackman , Peter Messmer

We study linear and nonlinear development of relativistic and ultrarelativistic current sheets of pair plasmas with antiparallel magnetic fields. Two types of two-dimensional problems are investigated by particle-in-cell simulations. First,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-11-10 S. Zenitani , M. Hoshino

The expansion of a magnetized high-pressure plasma into a low-pressure ambient medium is examined with particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. The magnetic field points perpendicularly to the plasma's expansion direction and binary collisions…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2016-09-13 Mark Eric Dieckmann , Gianluca Sarri , Domenico Doria , Anders Ynnerman , Marco Borghesi

We develop a model of gamma-ray flares of the Crab Nebula resulting from the magnetic reconnection events in highly-magnetized relativistic plasma. We first discuss physical parameters of the Crab nebula and review the theory of pulsar…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-06-06 Maxim Lyutikov , Serguei Komissarov , Lorenzo Sironi , Oliver Porth

We present first results of three dimensional relativistic magnetohydrodynamical simulations of Pulsar Wind Nebulae. They show that the kink instability and magnetic dissipation inside these nebulae may be the key processes allowing to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-12 Oliver Porth , Serguei S. Komissarov , Rony Keppens

We present numerical simulations of cold, axisymmetric, magnetically driven relativistic outflows. The outflows are initially sub-Alfv\'enic and Poynting flux-dominated, with total--to--rest-mass energy flux ratio up to $\mu \sim 620$. To…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Maxim V. Barkov , Serguei S. Komissarov