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Noise is one of the central obstacles to building useful quantum computers, and quantum error correction (QEC) provides the framework for protecting quantum information against it. Unlike classical error correction, QEC must preserve…

Quantum error correction requires decoders that are both accurate and efficient. To this end, union-find decoding has emerged as a promising candidate for error correction on the surface code. In this work, we benchmark a weighted variant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-22 Shilin Huang , Michael Newman , Kenneth R. Brown

Fracton models provide examples of novel gapped quantum phases of matter that host intrinsically immobile excitations and therefore lie beyond the conventional notion of topological order. Here, we calculate optimal error thresholds for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-06 Hao Song , Janik Schönmeier-Kromer , Ke Liu , Oscar Viyuela , Lode Pollet , M. A. Martin-Delgado

A quantum error correction code is assessed over its ability to correct errors in noisy quantum circuits. This task requires extensive simulations of faulty quantum circuits, which are often made tractable by considering stochastic Pauli…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-11 Francesco Pio Barone , Daniel Jaschke , Ilaria Siloi , Simone Montangero

The theory of error-correcting codes is concerned with constructing codes that optimize simultaneously transmission rate and relative minimum distance. These conflicting requirements determine an asymptotic bound, which is a continuous…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-10-28 Yuri I. Manin , Matilde Marcolli

We study the quantum error correction threshold of Kitaev's toric code over the group Z_d subject to a generalized bit-flip noise. This problem requires novel decoding techniques, and for this purpose we generalize the renormalization group…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-14 Guillaume Duclos-Cianci , David Poulin

In this work we prove that the 5-qubit quantum error correcting code does not fix qubit independent errors, even assuming that the correction circuit does not introduce new errors. We say that a quantum code does not fix a quantum computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-14 J. Lacalle , L. M. Pozo-Coronado , A. L. Fonseca de Oliveira , R. Martín-Cuevas

The problem of finding quantum error-correcting codes is transformed into the problem of finding additive codes over the field GF(4) which are self-orthogonal with respect to a certain trace inner product. Many new codes and new bounds are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 A. R. Calderbank , E. M Rains , P. W. Shor , N. J. A. Sloane

We introduce a quantum packing bound on the minimal resources required by nondegenerate error correction codes for any kind of noise. We prove that degenerate codes can outperform nondegenerate ones in the presence of correlated noise, by…

The purpose of this little survey is to give a simple description of the main approaches to quantum error correction and quantum fault-tolerance. Our goal is to convey the necessary intuitions both for the problems and their solutions in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Julia Kempe

This paper proves that any quantum t-deletion-correcting codes also correct a total of t insertion and deletion errors under a certain condition. Here, this condition is that a set of quantum states is defined as a quantum error-correcting…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Ken Nakamura , Takayuki Nozaki

It is important to protect quantum information against decoherence and operational errors, and quantum error-correcting (QEC) codes are the keys to solving this problem. Of course, just the existence of codes is not efficient. It is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jumpei Niwa , Keiji Matsumoto , Hiroshi Imai

We describe a simple quantum error correcting code built out of a time-dependent transverse field Ising model. The code is similar to a repetition code, but has two advantages: an $N$-qubit code can be implemented with a finite-depth…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-29 Yifan Hong , Jeremy T. Young , Adam M. Kaufman , Andrew Lucas

Fault tolerance is a prerequisite for scalable quantum computing. Architectures based on 2D topological codes are effective for near-term implementations of fault tolerance. To obtain high performance with these architectures, we require a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-23 Ben Criger , Imran Ashraf

We discuss error-correction properties for families of quantum low-density parity check (LDPC) codes with relative distance that tends to zero in the limit of large blocklength. In particular, we show that any family of LDPC codes, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-05 Alexey A. Kovalev , Leonid P. Pryadko

Achieving error rates that meet or exceed the fault-tolerance threshold is a central goal for quantum computing experiments, and measuring these error rates using randomized benchmarking is now routine. However, direct comparison between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-26 Richard Kueng , David M. Long , Andrew C. Doherty , Steven T. Flammia

Error-correcting codes were invented to correct errors on noisy communication channels. Quantum error correction (QEC), however, may have a wider range of uses, including information transmission, quantum simulation/computation, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-05 Ningping Cao , Junan Lin , David Kribs , Yiu-Tung Poon , Bei Zeng , Raymond Laflamme

Recent research has demonstrated that quantum computers can solve certain types of problems substantially faster than the known classical algorithms. These problems include factoring integers and certain physics simulations. Practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Emanuel Knill , Raymond Laflamme , Wojciech H. Zurek

I make a rough estimate of the accuracy threshold for fault tolerant quantum computing with concatenated codes. First I consider only gate errors and use the depolarizing channel error model. I will follow P.Shor (quant-ph/9505011) for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 Christof Zalka

Quantum error correction offers a promising path for performing quantum computations with low errors. Although a fully fault-tolerant execution of a quantum algorithm remains unrealized, recent experimental developments, along with…