Related papers: Background X-ray Radiation Fields Produced by Youn…
Feedback to the interstellar medium (ISM) from ionising radiation, stellar winds and supernovae is central to regulating star formation in galaxies. Due to their low mass ($M_{*} < 10^{9}$\,M$_\odot$), dwarf galaxies are particularly…
The interstellar medium of galaxies, with temperatures reaching several million degrees, provides a pivotal perspective for understanding the physical and chemical properties of star formation, galactic evolution, and their associated…
We present an estimate of the X-ray background (XRB) spectrum from the warm-hot intergalactic medium (IGM) associated with groups and clusters of galaxies, using purely the observationally determined X-ray luminosity function (XLF) and…
The force of gravity acting within the volume occupied by young, compact and massive superstar clusters, is here shown to drive in situ all the matter deposited by winds and supernovae into several generations of star formation. These…
In recent years, the outskirts of galaxy clusters have emerged as one of the new frontiers and unique laboratories for studying the growth of large scale structure in the universe. Modern cosmological hydrodynamical simulations make firm…
New X-ray observations from the {\it Chandra} and XMM-{\it Newton} observatories have shown that cooling of the intracluster medium is occurring at rates that are now approaching the star formation rates measured in cD galaxies at the bases…
Environment plays a critical role in the star formation history of galaxies. Tidal and hydrodynamical stripping, prominent in cluster environment, can remove the peripheral gas of galaxies and star formation may thus be environmentally…
Observations of the Ly-alpha forest at z~3 reveal an average metallicity Z~0.01 Z_solar. The high-redshift supernovae that polluted the IGM also accelerated relativistic electrons. Since the energy density of the CMB scales as (1+z)^4, at…
In this contribution we review our recent numerical work discussing the essential role of the local cluster environment in assembling massive stars. First we show that massive stars are formed from low mass pre-stellar cores and become…
We calculate the fluxes of radio, hard X-rays and gamma-ray emission from clusters of galaxies, in the context of a secondary electron model (SEM). In the SEM the radiating electrons are produced by the decay of charged pions in cosmic ray…
In this work we investigate the evolution of the X-ray emission of a cluster of single young massive stars with different metallicities. We have considered the X-ray contribution originated by the diffuse gas heated by the mechanical energy…
Clusters are the dense inner regions of a wide-spread hierarchy of young stellar structures. They often reveal a continuation of this hierarchy inside of them, to smaller scales, when they are young, but orbital mixing eventually erases…
Based on the two-parameter family nature of X-ray clusters of galaxies obtained in a separate paper, we discuss the formation history of clusters and cosmological parameters of the universe. Utilizing the spherical collapse model of cluster…
The near-star environment around young stars is very dynamic with winds, disks, and outflows. These processes are involved in star and planet formation, and influence the formation and habitability of planets around host stars. Even for the…
Background diffuse X-ray emission is contributed in large part by the emission of point sources not individually resolved. While this is established since decades for the contribution of quasars to the diffuse emission above 1 keV energies,…
We use gas-dynamical simulations of galaxy clusters to compare their X-ray and strong lensing properties. Special emphasis is laid on mass estimates. The cluster masses range between 6 x 10^14 solar masses and 4 x 10^15 solar masses, and…
In the initial formation stages young stars must acquire a significant fraction of their mass by accretion from a circumstellar disk that forms in the center of a collapsing protostellar cloud. Throughout this period mass accretion rates…
An overview of our current understanding of the formation and evolution of star clusters is given, with main emphasis on high-mass clusters. Clusters form deeply embedded within dense clouds of molecular gas. Left-over gas is cleared within…
An X-ray background in the early Universe enhances molecular hydrogen formation, the main coolant of primordial gas, thereby lowering the threshold for Pop III star formation. Continuing our series on X-ray impacts on Pop III star…
The conditions that lead to self-regulated star formation, star bursts and the formation of massive stellar clusters are discussed. Massive stars have a strong impact on their environment, especially on the evolution of dwarf galaxies which…