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The support for transactions is an essential part of a database management system (DBMS). Without this support, the developers are burdened with ensuring atomic execution of a transaction despite failures as well as concurrent accesses to…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Daniel Gómez Ferro , Maysam Yabandeh

Consistency guarantees among concurrently executing transactions in local- and distributed systems, commonly referred to as isolation levels, have been formalized in a number of models. Thus far, no model can reason about executable…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Anders Alnor Mathiasen , Léon Gondelman , Léon Ducruet , Amin Timany , Lars Birkedal

Snapshot isolation (SI) is a standard transactional consistency model used in databases, distributed systems and software transactional memory (STM). Its semantics is formally defined both declaratively as an acyclicity axiom, and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-09-28 Azalea Raad , Ori Lahav , Viktor Vafeiadis

Snapshot isolation (SI) is a prevalent weak isolation level that avoids the performance penalty imposed by serializability and simultaneously prevents various undesired data anomalies. Nevertheless, SI anomalies have recently been found in…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Kaile Huang , Si Liu , Zhenge Chen , Hengfeng Wei , David Basin , Haixiang Li , Anqun Pan

Achieving the serializable isolation level, regarded as the gold standard for transaction processing, is costly. Recent studies reveal that adjusting specific query patterns within a workload can still achieve serializability even at lower…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Qiyu Zhuang , Wei Lu , Shuang Liu , Yuxing Chen , Xinyue Shi , Zhanhao Zhao , Yipeng Sun , Anqun Pan , Xiaoyong Du

Strong isolation guarantees, such as serializability and snapshot isolation, are essential for maintaining data consistency and integrity in modern databases. Verifying whether a database upholds its claimed guarantees is increasingly…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Zhiheng Cai , Si Liu , Hengfeng Wei , Yuxing Chen , Anqun Pan

Many distributed applications require transactions. However, transactional protocols that require strong synchronization are costly in large scale environments. Two properties help with scalability of a transactional system: genuine partial…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2013-06-18 Masoud Saeida Ardekani , Pierre Sutra , Nuno Preguiça , Marc Shapiro

Concurrent accesses to databases are typically grouped in transactions which define units of work that should be isolated from other concurrent computations and resilient to failures. Modern databases provide different levels of isolation…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Ahmed Bouajjani , Constantin Enea , Enrique Román-Calvo

ANSI SQL-92 defines Isolation Levels in terms of phenomena: Dirty Reads, Non-Repeatable Reads, and Phantoms. This paper shows that these phenomena and the ANSI SQL definitions fail to characterize several popular isolation levels, including…

Databases · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Hal Berenson , Phil Bernstein , Jim Gray , Jim Melton , Elizabeth O'Neil , Patrick O'Neil

Most databases can be configured to operate under isolation levels weaker than serializability. These enforce fewer restrictions on the concurrent access to data and consequently allow for more performant implementations. While formal…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Manuel Barros , Alcino Cunha , Jose Pereira , Eunsuk Kang

We propose a theory that can determine the lowest isolation level that can be allocated to each transaction program in an application in a mixed-isolation-level setting, to guarantee that all executions will be serializable and thus…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Brecht Vandevoort , Alan Fekete , Bas Ketsman , Frank Neven , Stijn Vansummeren

Modern applications often consist of different security domains that require isolation from each other. While several solutions exist, most of them rely on specialized hardware, hardware extensions, or require less-efficient software…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Claudio Canella , Andreas Kogler , Lukas Giner , Daniel Gruss , Michael Schwarz

In this paper, we discuss a novel technique for processing correlated subqueries in SQL. The core idea is to isolate the non-correlated part of the predicate and use it to reduce the number of evaluations of the correlated part. We begin by…

Transactional access to databases is an important abstraction allowing programmers to consider blocks of actions (transactions) as executing in isolation. The strongest consistency model is {\em serializability}, which ensures the atomicity…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-05-23 Sidi Mohamed Beillahi , Ahmed Bouajjani , Constantin Enea

Searchable encryption (SE) is one of the key enablers for building encrypted databases. It allows a cloud server to search over encrypted data without decryption. Dynamic SE additionally includes data addition and deletion operations to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-13 Viet Vo , Shangqi Lai , Xingliang Yuan , Shi-Feng Sun , Surya Nepal , Joseph K. Liu

This paper presents the first dynamic predictive analysis for data store applications under weak isolation levels, called Isopredict. Given an observed serializable execution of a data store application, Isopredict generates and solves SMT…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Chujun Geng , Spyros Blanas , Michael D. Bond , Yang Wang

Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) is a new distributed method for identity management, commonly used to address the problem that users are lack of control over their identities. However, the excessive pursuit of self-sovereignty in the most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Qiuyun Lyu , Shaopeng Cheng , Hao Li , Junliang Liu , Yanzhao Shen , Zhen Wang

Serializability (SER) and snapshot isolation (SI) are widely used transactional isolation levels in database systems. The isolation checking problem asks whether a given execution history of a database system satisfies a specified isolation…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Hexu Li , Hengfeng Wei , Hongrong Ouyang , Yuxing Chen , Na Yang , Ruohao Zhang , Anqun Pan

Serializability is a well-understood correctness criterion that simplifies reasoning about the behavior of concurrent transactions by ensuring they are isolated from each other while they execute. However, enforcing serializable isolation…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-11-13 Gowtham Kaki , Kartik Nagar , Mahsa Nazafzadeh , Suresh Jagannathan

Large language models are susceptible to memorizing repeated sequences, posing privacy and copyright concerns. A popular mitigation strategy is to remove memorized information from specific neurons post-hoc. However, such approaches have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Gaurav R. Ghosal , Pratyush Maini , Aditi Raghunathan
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