Related papers: Randomness, Information, and Complexity
It is a challenge to predict the response of a large, complex system to a perturbation. Recent attempts to predict the behaviour of food webs have revealed that the effort needed to understand a system grows quickly with its complexity,…
Quantifying cooperation or synergy among random variables in predicting a single target random variable is an important problem in many complex systems. We review three prior information-theoretic measures of synergy and introduce a novel…
This letter deals with the controllability issue of complex networks. An index is chosen to quantitatively measure the extent of controllability of given network. The effect of this index is analyzed based on empirical studies on various…
We show how a simple scheme of symbolic dynamics distinguishes a chaotic from a random time series and how it can be used to detect structural relationships in coupled dynamics. This is relevant for the question at which scale in complex…
Complexity measures are essential to understand complex systems and there are numerous definitions to analyze one-dimensional data. However, extensions of these approaches to two or higher-dimensional data, such as images, are much less…
Physicists study a wide variety of phenomena creating new interdisciplinary research fields by applying theories and methods originally developed in physics in order to solve problems in economics, social science, biology, medicine,…
Each complex network (or class of networks) presents specific topological features which characterize its connectivity and highly influence the dynamics of processes executed on the network. The analysis, discrimination, and synthesis of…
For decades, researchers in information visualisation and graph drawing have focused on developing techniques for the layout and display of very large and complex networks. Experiments involving human participants have also explored the…
A set of general physical principles is proposed as the structural basis for the theory of complex systems. First the concept of harmony is analyzed and its different aspects are uncovered. Then the concept of reflection is defined and…
Interpreting experimental data in high school experiments can be a difficult task for students, especially when there is large variation in the data. At the same time, calculating the standard deviation poses a challenge for students. In…
In these notes we review emergent phenomena in complex systems, emphasizing ways to identify potential underlying universal mechanisms that generates complexity. The discussion is centered around the emergence of collective behavior in…
In this work, several random Boolean networks (RBN) are generated and analyzed from two characteristics: their time evolution diagram and their transition diagram. For this purpose, its randomness is estimated using three measures, of which…
Correlation measure of order $k$ is an important measure of randomness in binary sequences. This measure tries to look for dependence between several shifted version of a sequence. We study the relation between the correlation measure of…
Structural causal models provide a formalism to express causal relations between variables of interest. Models and variables can represent a system at different levels of abstraction, whereby relations may be coarsened and refined according…
The non-trivial structure of such complex systems makes the analysis of their collective behavior a challenge. The problem is even more difficult when the information is distributed across networks (e.g., communication networks in different…
Complex networks are universal, arising in fields as disparate as sociology, physics, and biology. In the past decade, extensive research into the properties and behaviors of complex systems has uncovered surprising commonalities among the…
Fairness is an emerging and challenging topic in recommender systems. In recent years, various ways of evaluating and therefore improving fairness have emerged. In this study, we examine existing evaluation measures of fairness in…
The question how complex systems become more organized and efficient with time is open. Examples are, the formation of elementary particles from pure energy, the formation of atoms from particles, the formation of stars and galaxies, the…
How best to quantify the information of an object, whether natural or artifact, is a problem of wide interest. A related problem is the computability of an object. We present practical examples of a new way to address this problem. By…
Characteristics extracted from the training datasets of classification problems have proven to be effective predictors in a number of meta-analyses. Among them, measures of classification complexity can be used to estimate the difficulty in…