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A method is presented for performing joint analyses of cosmological datasets, in which the weight assigned to each dataset is determined directly by it own statistical properties. The weights are considered in a Bayesian context as a set of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. P. Hobson , S. L. Bridle , O. Lahav

A spectral approach to Bayesian inference is presented. It pursues the emulation of the posterior probability density. The starting point is a series expansion of the likelihood function in terms of orthogonal polynomials. From this…

Computation · Statistics 2016-04-27 Joseph B. Nagel , Bruno Sudret

When random effects are correlated with sample design variables, the usual approach of employing individual survey weights (constructed to be inversely proportional to the unit survey inclusion probabilities) to form a pseudo-likelihood no…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-26 Terrance D. Savitsky , Matthew R. Williams

The well-known Bayes theorem assumes that a posterior distribution is a probability distribution. However, the posterior distribution may no longer be a probability distribution if an improper prior distribution (non-probability measure)…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-28 Hyungsuk Tak , Sujit K. Ghosh , Justin A. Ellis

We describe a Bayesian formalism for analyzing individual gravitational-wave events in light of the rest of an observed population. This analysis reveals how the idea of a "population-informed prior" arises naturally from a suitable…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-11-11 Christopher J. Moore , Davide Gerosa

Counterfactual explanations utilize feature perturbations to analyze the outcome of an original decision and recommend an actionable recourse. We argue that it is beneficial to provide several alternative explanations rather than a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Natraj Raman , Daniele Magazzeni , Sameena Shah

To understand their data better, astronomers need to use statistical tools that are more advanced than traditional ``freshman lab'' statistics. As an illustration, the problem of combining apparently incompatible measurements of a quantity…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 William H. Press

This paper is an invited commentary on Tamas Budavari's presentation, "On statistical cross-identification in astronomy," for the Statistical Challenges in Modern Astronomy V conference held at Pennsylvania State University in June 2011. I…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2012-06-20 Thomas J. Loredo

A central challenge in statistical inference is the presence of confounding variables that may distort observed associations between treatment and outcome. Conventional "causal" methods, grounded in assumptions such as ignorability, exclude…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-09 Ellis Scharfenaker , Duncan K. Foley

In this talk, I argue that the method of analysing the m-z data of Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) by assuming exotic energy densities with strange equations of state is misleading and the reasonable remaining option is to make a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-05-27 Moncy V. John

The estimation of cosmological parameters from precision observables is an important industry with crucial ramifications for particle physics. This article discusses the statistical methods presently used in cosmological data analysis,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-12-15 Andrew R Liddle

Selection functions are vital for understanding the observational biases of spectroscopic surveys. With the wide variety of multi-object spectrographs currently in operation and becoming available soon, we require easily generalisable…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-02-07 Andrew Everall , Payel Das

Increasingly complex applications involve large datasets in combination with non-linear and high dimensional mathematical models. In this context, statistical inference is a challenging issue that calls for pragmatic approaches that take…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2013-01-31 Andreas Raue , Clemens Kreutz , Fabian Joachim Theis , Jens Timmer

Statistics comes in two main flavors: frequentist and Bayesian. For historical and technical reasons, frequentist statistics have traditionally dominated empirical data analysis, and certainly remain prevalent in empirical software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Carlo A. Furia , Robert Feldt , Richard Torkar

We present a principled Bayesian framework for signal reconstruction, in which the signal is modelled by basis functions whose number (and form, if required) is determined by the data themselves. This approach is based on a Bayesian…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-23 Edward Higson , Will Handley , Michael Hobson , Anthony Lasenby

We deal with the analysis of on-off measurements designed for the confirmation of a weak source of events whose presence is hypothesized, based on former observations. The problem of a small number of source events that are masked by an…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-23 Dalibor Nosek , Jana Nosková

We discuss the use of the Bayesian evidence ratio, or Bayes factor, for model selection in astronomy. We treat the evidence ratio as a statistic and investigate its distribution over an ensemble of experiments, considering both simple…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 C. R. Jenkins , J. A. Peacock

In recent years, Bayesian statistics has gained traction across a wide range of scientific disciplines. This paper explores the growing application of Bayesian methods within the field of linguistics and considers their future potential. A…

Applications · Statistics 2025-09-23 Natalia Levshina

Spatial documentation is exponentially increasing given the availability of Big IoT Data, enabled by the devices miniaturization and data storage capacity. Bayesian spatial statistics is a useful statistical tool to determine the dependence…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-10-01 Francisco Louzada , Diego C. Nascimento , Osafu Augustine Egbon

One of the biggest problems faced by current and next-generation astronomical surveys is trying to produce large numbers of accurate cross identifications across a range of wavelength regimes with varying data quality and positional…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Isaac G. Roseboom , Seb Oliver , David Parkinson , Mattia Vaccari