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The paper analyzes the thermodynamic properties of a special state of charged black holes, in which the event horizon becomes point-like and coincides with the singularity. It is shown that for such states, called black points, in contrast…

In this paper we study a class of physical systems that combine a finite number of mechanical and thermodynamic observables. We call them finite dimensional thermo-mechanical systems. We introduce these systems by means of simple examples.…

Quantum electrodynamics corrects miscalculations of classical electrodynamics, but by introducing the pseudo-particle "photon" it is the source of errors whose practical consequences are serious. Thus W. E. Lamb disadvises the use of the…

We relate Newton's Second Law with the Second Law of Thermodynamics through the analysis of a simple model introducing a dynamic pressure concept. From this analyses we can clarify some conceptual problems resulting from several concepts of…

The deep problems caused from the limitations of theoretical framework itself can only be clarified by extending and reconstructing of the theoretical framework, we extend classical theoretical framework of thermodynamics, break through the…

A free particle coupled to a heat bath can exhibit a number of thermodynamic anomalies like a negative specific heat or reentrant classicality. These low-temperature phenomena are expected to be modified at very low temperatures where…

The essential postulates of classical thermodynamics are formulated, from which the second law is deduced as the principle of increase of entropy in irreversible adiabatic processes that take one equilibrium state to another. The entropy…

We study the constraints on reciprocal and non-reciprocal many-body radiative heat transfer imposed by symmetry and the second law of thermodynamics. We show that the symmetry of such a many-body system in general forms a magnetic group,…

Materials that are constantly driven out of thermodynamic equilibrium, such as active and living systems, typically violate the Einstein relation. This may arise from active contributions to particle fluctuations which are unrelated to the…

We discuss thermal rectification and thermoelectric energy conversion from the perspective of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and dynamical systems theory. After preliminary considerations on the dynamical foundations of the…

In isolated nonlinear optical waveguide arrays with bounded energy spectrum, simultaneous conservation of energy and power of the optical modes enables study of coupled thermal and particle transport in the negative temperature regime.…

A framework for the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of glasses is discussed. It also explains the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of a black hole isolated from matter. The first and second laws of black dynamics and black hole thermodynamics…

Thermodynamics is a branch of science blessed by an unparalleled combination of generality of scope and formal simplicity. Based on few natural assumptions together with the four laws, it sets the boundaries between possible and impossible…

An interesting question to explore in physics classes is whether gravity violates the second law of thermodynamics. Standard physics textbooks provide little to no discussion of the relationship between entropy and gravity, and the same is…

This Letter considers the generalized second law of gravitational thermodynamics in two scenarios featuring a phantom dominated expansion plus a black hole. The law is violated in both scenarios.

After presenting possible motives for fighting against the second law of thermodynamics, several attempts to beat this law are analyzed. The second law wins, but an interesting interpretation of it emerges. This interpretation uses the…

We have shown that changes occur in a (2+1)-dimensional charged black hole by adding a charged probe. The particle increases the entropy of the black hole and guarantees the second law of thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics is…

Quantum decoherence is seen as an undesired source of irreversibility that destroys quantum resources. Quantum coherences seem to be a property that vanishes at thermodynamic equilibrium. Away from equilibrium, quantum coherences challenge…

We investigate the laws of thermodynamics in an accelerating universe driven by dark energy with a time-dependent equation of state. In the case we consider that the physically relevant part of the Universe is that envelopped by the…

The second law of thermodynamics tells us which state transformations are so statistically unlikely that they are effectively forbidden. Its original formulation, due to Clausius, states that "Heat can never pass from a colder to a warmer…