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It is a classical result in rational approximation theory that certain non-smooth or singular functions, such as $|x|$ and $x^{1/p}$, can be efficiently approximated using rational functions with root-exponential convergence in terms of…
If $\mathcal{P}$ is a lattice polytope (i.e., $\mathcal{P}$ is the convex hull of finitely many integer points in $\mathbb{R}^d$), Ehrhart's famous theorem (1962) asserts that the integer-point counting function $|t \mathcal{P} \cap…
In this paper we present a new termination proof and complexity analysis of unfolding graph rewriting which is a specific kind of infinite graph rewriting expressing the general form of safe recursion. We introduce a termination order over…
Series-parallel (SP) graphs are binary edge-labeled graphs with a designated source and target vertex, built using serial and parallel composition. A set of graphs is recognizable if membership depends only on its image under a homomorphism…
A classical question of propositional logic is one of the shortest proof of a tautology. A related fundamental problem is to determine the relative efficiency of standard proof systems, where the relative complexity is measured using the…
In this article explicit formulas for the recurrence equation p_{n+1}(x) = (A_n x + B_n) p_n(x) - C_n p_{n-1}(x) and the derivative rules sigma(x) p'_n(x) = alpha_n p_{n+1}(x) + beta_n p_n(x) + gamma_n p_{n-1}(x) and sigma(x) p'_n(x) =…
We prove that there exists a deterministic configuration of Conflict Driven Clause Learning (CDCL) SAT solvers using a variant of the VSIDS branching heuristic that solves instances of the Ordering Principle (OP) CNF formulas in time…
We prove that the list replicability number of $d$-dimensional $\gamma$-margin half-spaces satisfies \[ \frac{d}{2}+1 \le \mathrm{LR}(H^d_\gamma) \le d, \] which grows with dimension. This resolves several open problems: $\bullet$ Every…
A regularity lemma for polynomials provides a decomposition in terms of a bounded number of approximately independent polynomials. Such regularity lemmas play an important role in numerous results, yet suffer from the familiar shortcoming…
Handling graph data is one of the most difficult tasks. Traditional techniques, such as those based on geometry and matrix factorization, rely on assumptions about the data relations that become inadequate when handling large and complex…
Obtaining a single-vector representation from a Large Language Model's (LLM) token-level outputs is a critical step for nearly all sentence-level tasks. However, standard pooling methods like mean or max aggregation treat tokens as an…
In the domain of Natural Language Processing (NLP), Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promise in text-generation tasks. However, their educational applications, particularly for domain-specific queries, remain underexplored.…
Motivated by interpretability and reliability, we investigate whether large language models (LLMs) deploy universal geometric structures to encode discrete, graph-structured knowledge. To this end, we present two complementary experimental…
We prove a complexity dichotomy theorem for a class of Holant problems on planar 3-regular bipartite graphs. The complexity dichotomy states that for every weighted constraint function $f$ defining the problem (the weights can even be…
Associated to any uniform finite layered graph Gamma there is a noncommutative graded quadratic algebra A(Gamma) given by a construction due to Gelfand, Retakh, Serconek and Wilson. It is natural to ask when these algebras are Koszul.…
Mathematical theorem proving is an important testbed for large language models' deep and abstract reasoning capability. This paper focuses on improving LLMs' ability to write proofs in formal languages that permit automated proof…
We present new, unified proofs for the cell-like, $\mathbb{Z}/p$-, and $\mathbb{Q}$-resolution theorems. Our arguments employ extensions that are much simpler then those used by our predecessors. The techniques allow us to solve problems…
We study the problem of query evaluation on probabilistic graphs, namely, tuple-independent probabilistic databases over signatures of arity two. We focus on the class of queries closed under homomorphisms, or, equivalently, the infinite…
Large formal mathematical libraries consist of millions of atomic inference steps that give rise to a corresponding number of proved statements (lemmas). Analogously to the informal mathematical practice, only a tiny fraction of such…
The paper contains a generalization of known properties of Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind in one variable to polynomials of $n$ variables based on the root lattices of compact simple Lie groups $G$ of any type and of rank $n$. The…