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Robust estimation of location is a fundamental problem in statistics, particularly in scenarios where data contamination by outliers or model misspecification is a concern. In univariate settings, methods such as the sample median and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-07 Alejandro Cholaquidis , Ricardo Fraiman , Leonardo Moreno , Gonzalo Perera

Depth notions in regression have been systematically proposed and examined in Zuo (2018). One of the prominent advantages of notion of depth is that it can be directly utilized to introduce median-type deepest estimating functionals (or…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-08-13 Yijun Zuo

We extend the classical notion of the spherical depth in \mathbb{R}^k, to the important setup of data on a Riemannian manifold. We show that this notion of depth satisfies a set of desirable properties. For the empirical version of this…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-05-01 Ricardo Fraiman , Fabrice Gamboa , Leonardo Moreno

Classical multivariate statistics measures the outlyingness of a point by its Mahalanobis distance from the mean, which is based on the mean and the covariance matrix of the data. A multivariate depth function is a function which, given a…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-06 Karl Mosler , Pavlo Mozharovskyi

Starting with Tukey's pioneering work in the 1970's, the notion of depth in statistics has been widely extended especially in the last decade. These extensions include high dimensional data, functional data, and manifold-valued data. In…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-11-24 Alejandro Cholaquidis , Ricardo Fraiman , Fabrice Gamboa , Leonardo Moreno

The recently defined concept of a statistical depth function for fuzzy sets provides a theoretical framework for ordering fuzzy sets with respect to the distribution of a fuzzy random variable. One of the most used and studied statistical…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-27 Luis González-De La Fuente , Alicia Nieto-Reyes , Pedro Terán

Practical data analysis involves many implicit or explicit assumptions about the good behavior of the data, and excludes consideration of various potentially pathological or limit cases. In this work, we present a new general theory of…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2008-05-18 Pat Muldowney , Fionn Murtagh

A median-radius framework for assessing centrality in multivariate data using median distances is proposed. Based on the proposed framework, a scale invariant measure of radial dispersion is defined and used to establish a depth function…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-14 Elsayed Elamir

The notion of statistical depth has been extensively studied in multivariate and functional data over the past few decades. In contrast, the depth on temporal point process is still under-explored. The problem is challenging because a point…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-24 Zishen Xu , Chenran Wang , Wei Wu

The Oja depth (simplicial volume depth) is one of the classical statistical techniques for measuring the central tendency of data in multivariate space. Despite the widespread emergence of object data like images, texts, matrices or graphs,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-31 Vida Zamanifarizhandi , Joni Virta

Centrality descriptors are widely used to rank nodes according to specific concept(s) of importance. Despite the large number of centrality measures available nowadays, it is still poorly understood how to identify the node which can be…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-13 Giulia Bertagnolli , Claudio Agostinelli , Manlio De Domenico

Determining the representativeness of a point within a data cloud has recently become a desirable task in multivariate analysis. The concept of statistical depth function, which reflects centrality of an arbitrary point, appears to be…

Computation · Statistics 2016-03-02 Pavlo Mozharovskyi

Identification of the center of a data cloud is one of the basic problems in statistics. One popular choice for such a center is the median, and several versions of median in finite dimensional spaces have been studied in the literature. In…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-02-13 Anirvan Chakraborty , Probal Chaudhuri

Directional data are constrained to lie on the unit sphere of~$\mathbb{R}^q$ for some~$q\geq 2$. To address the lack of a natural ordering for such data, depth functions have been defined on spheres. However, the depths available either…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-08-06 Giuseppe Pandolfo , Davy Paindaveine , Giovanni Porzio

Statistical depth functions are a standard tool in nonparametric statistics to extend order-based univariate methods to the multivariate setting. Since there is no universally accepted total order for fuzzy data (even in the univariate…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-01-05 Luis González-De La Fuente , Alicia Nieto-Reyes , Pedro Terán

For computing the exact value of the halfspace depth of a point w.r.t. a data cloud of $n$ points in arbitrary dimension, a theoretical framework is suggested. Based on this framework a whole class of algorithms can be derived. In all of…

Computation · Statistics 2016-01-13 Rainer Dyckerhoff , Pavlo Mozharovskyi

A new depth-based clustering procedure for directional data is proposed. Such method is fully non-parametric and has the advantages to be flexible and applicable even in high dimensions when a suitable notion of depth is adopted. The…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-22 Giuseppe Pandolfo , Antonio D'ambrosio

The concept of median/consensus has been widely investigated in order to provide a statistical summary of ranking data, i.e. realizations of a random permutation $\Sigma$ of a finite set, $\{1,\; \ldots,\; n\}$ with $n\geq 1$ say. As it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Morgane Goibert , Stéphan Clémençon , Ekhine Irurozki , Pavlo Mozharovskyi

For hypothesis testing of functional parameters, given a functional statistic $T_n$ and a functional depth $D$ with respect to the distribution $P_n$ of $T_n$, we propose the depth value $DT_n \equiv D(T_n;P_n)$ as a test statistic, which…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-10 Hyemin Yeon

Statistical depth functions provide measures of the outlyingness, or centrality, of the elements of a space with respect to a distribution. It is a nonparametric concept applicable to spaces of any dimension, for instance, multivariate and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-31 Felix Gnettner , Claudia Kirch , Alicia Nieto-Reyes