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We show that the usefulness of the thermal state of a specific spin-lattice model for measurement-based quantum computing exhibits a transition between two distinct "phases" - one in which every state is a universal resource for quantum…
In many biological systems, chemical reactions or changes in a physical state are assumed to occur instantaneously. For describing the dynamics of those systems, Markov models that require exponentially distributed inter-event times have…
The integrable system is constrained strictly by the conservation law during the time evolution, and the nearly integrable system or nonintegrable system is also constrained by the conserved parameters (like the constants of motion) with…
Environmental changes greatly influence the evolution of populations. Here, we study the dynamics of a population of two strains, one growing slightly faster than the other, competing for resources in a time-varying binary environment…
The relaxation dynamics of many disordered systems, such as structural glasses, proteins, granular materials or spin glasses, is not completely frozen even at very low temperatures. This residual motion leads to a change of the properties…
We examine energy and particle exchange between finite-sized quantum systems and find a new form of nonequilibrium states. The exchange rate undergoes stepwise evolution in time, and its magnitude and sign dramatically change according to…
We explore the glassy dynamics of soft colloids using microgels and charged particles interacting by steric and screened Coulomb interactions, respectively. In the supercooled regime, the structural relaxation time $\tau_\alpha$ of both…
Models of many-species ecosystems, such as the Lotka-Volterra and replicator equations, suggest that these systems generically exhibit near-extinction processes, where population sizes go very close to zero for some time before rebounding,…
Strong positive feedback is considered a necessary condition to observe abrupt shifts of ecosystems. A few previous studies have shown that demographic noise -- arising from the probabilistic and discrete nature of birth and death processes…
We propose a new class of phenomenological models for dynamic glass transitions. The system consists of an ensemble of mesoscopic regions to which local energies are allocated. At each time step, a region is randomly chosen and a new local…
The concept of entropy in nonequilibrium macroscopic systems is investigated in the light of an extended equation of motion for the density matrix obtained in a previous study. It is found that a time-dependent information entropy can be…
When a quantum system undergoes unitary evolution in accordance with a prescribed Hamiltonian, there is a class of states |psi> such that, after the passage of a certain time, |psi> is transformed into a state orthogonal to itself. The…
We study effects of strategy-dependent time delays on equilibria of evolving populations. It is well known that time delays may cause oscillations in dynamical systems. Here we report a novel behavior. We show that microscopic models of…
Systems of differential equations with state-dependent delay are considered. The delay dynamically depends on the state i.e. is governed by an additional differential equation. By applying the time transformations we arrive to constant…
Classical metastability manifests as noise-driven switching between disjoint basins of attraction and slowing down of relaxation, quantum systems like qubits and Rydberg atoms exhibit analogous behavior through collective quantum jumps and…
We present a loosely-stabilizing phase clock for population protocols. In the population model we are given a system of $n$ identical agents which interact in a sequence of randomly chosen pairs. Our phase clock is leaderless and it…
We investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics of a class of isolated one-dimensional systems possessing two degenerate ground states, initialized in a low-energy symmetric phase. We report the emergence of a time-scale separation between fast…
The relaxations of conductivity after a temporary change of carrier density n_s during the waiting time t_w have been studied in a strongly disordered two-dimensional electron system in Si. At low enough n_s < n_g (n_g - the glass…
The time-dependent probability density function of a system evolving towards a stationary state exhibits an oscillatory behavior if the eigenvalues of the corresponding evolution operator are complex. The frequencies \omega_n, with which…
Intermittent transitions, associated with critical dynamics and characterized by power-law distributions, are commonly observed during sleep. These critical behaviors are evident at the microscopic level through neuronal avalanches and at…