Related papers: Model Theory
Deep models are dominating the artificial intelligence (AI) industry since the ImageNet challenge in 2012. The size of deep models is increasing ever since, which brings new challenges to this field with applications in cell phones,…
Safety cases become increasingly important for software certification. Models play a crucial role in building and combining information for the safety case. This position paper sketches an ideal model-based safety case with defect…
Many widely used models amount to an elaborate means of making up numbers--but once a number has been produced, it tends to be taken seriously and its source (the model) is rarely examined carefully. Many widely used models have little…
A class of models intended to be as minimal and structureless as possible is introduced. Even in cases with simple rules, rich and complex behavior is found to emerge, and striking correspondences to some important core known features of…
While developing an information system for the University of Bern, we were faced with two major issues: managing software changes and adapting Business Information Models. Software techniques well-suited to software development teams exist,…
Scientists do not merely choose to accept fully formed theories, they also have to decide which models to work on before they are fully developed and tested. Since decisive empirical evidence in favour of a model will not yet have been…
This review presents some of the challenges in constructing models of atomic nuclei starting from theoretical descriptions of the strong interaction between nucleons. The focus is on statistical computing and methods for analyzing the link…
Deep neural networks have demonstrated remarkable performance in many data-driven and prediction-oriented applications, and sometimes even perform better than humans. However, their most significant drawback is the lack of interpretability,…
Toy models are highly idealized and deliberately simplified models that retain only the essential features of a system in order to explore specific theoretical questions. Long used in physics and other sciences, they have recently begun to…
Mobility is a complex phenomenon encompassing diverse transportation modes, infrastructure elements, and human behaviors. Tackling the persistent challenges of congestion, pollution, and accessibility requires a range of modeling approaches…
Models necessarily capture only parts of a reality. Prediction models aim at capturing a future reality. In this paper we address the question of how the future is constructed (or: imagined) in an investment context where market…
We look at various features of the Standard Model with the purpose of exploring some possibilities of how to seek physical laws beyond it, i.e. at even smaller distances. Only parameters and structure which are not calculable from the…
Literature involving preferences of artificial agents or human beings often assume their preferences can be represented using a complete transitive binary relation. Much has been written however on different models of preferences. We review…
Models for what may lie behind the Standard Model often require non-perturbative calculations in strongly coupled field theory. This creates opportunities for lattice methods, to obtain quantities of phenomenological interest as well as to…
This paper focuses on the superset model problem that arises in the context of regression. To address this problem, we take the Bayesian approach to measure its uncertainty. An illustrative example with the real dataset is provided.
This is the English version of my inaugural lecture at Coll\`ege de France in 2021, available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxktplKMhKU. I reflect on the difficulty of multi-disciplinary research, which often hinges of unexpected…
Linear approximations to the decision boundary of a complex model have become one of the most popular tools for interpreting predictions. In this paper, we study such linear explanations produced either post-hoc by a few recent methods or…
This is a survey of some problems in geometric group theory which I find interesting. The problems are from different areas of group theory. Each section is devoted to problems in one area. It contains an introduction where I give some…
We report on a large-scale study of student learning of quantum tunneling in 4 traditional and 4 transformed modern physics courses. In the transformed courses, which were designed to address student difficulties found in previous research,…
In this paper I review the motivation and current status of modeling of plasmas exposed to strong radiation fields, as it applies to the study of cosmic X-ray sources. This includes some of the astrophysical issues which can be addressed,…