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The adaptation to situations of sequential choice under uncertainty of decision criteria which deviate from (subjective) expected utility raises the problem of ensuring the selection of a nondominated strategy. In particular, when following…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-02-01 Jean-Yves Jaffray

If uncertainty is modelled by a probability measure, decisions are typically made by choosing the option with the highest expected utility. If an imprecise probability model is used instead, this decision rule can be generalised in several…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-27 Jasper De Bock

Polytrees are a subclass of Bayesian networks that seek to capture the conditional dependencies between a set of $n$ variables as a directed forest and are motivated by their more efficient inference and improved interpretability. Since the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Juha Harviainen , Frank Sommer , Manuel Sorge

Phylogenetically decisive collections of taxon sets have the property that if trees are chosen for each of their elements, as long as these trees are compatible, the resulting supertree is unique. This means that as long as the trees…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-29 Mareike Fischer , Janne Pott

Decision trees are widely used for interpretable machine learning due to their clearly structured reasoning process. However, this structure belies a challenge we refer to as predictive equivalence: a given tree's decision boundary can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Hayden McTavish , Zachery Boner , Jon Donnelly , Margo Seltzer , Cynthia Rudin

In this paper, based on results of exact learning and test theory, we study arbitrary infinite binary information systems each of which consists of an infinite set of elements and an infinite set of two-valued functions (attributes) defined…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Mikhail Moshkov

We present a comprehensive classical and parameterized complexity analysis of decision tree pruning operations, extending recent research on the complexity of learning small decision trees. Thereby, we offer new insights into the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Juha Harviainen , Frank Sommer , Manuel Sorge , Stefan Szeider

Nonlinear metrics, such as the F1-score, Matthews correlation coefficient, and Fowlkes-Mallows index, are often used to evaluate the performance of machine learning models, in particular, when facing imbalanced datasets that contain more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Emir Demirović , Peter J. Stuckey

Decision trees and randomized forests are widely used in computer vision and machine learning. Standard algorithms for decision tree induction optimize the split functions one node at a time according to some splitting criteria. This greedy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-13 Mohammad Norouzi , Maxwell D. Collins , Matthew Johnson , David J. Fleet , Pushmeet Kohli

Decision trees have been a very popular class of predictive models for decades due to their interpretability and good performance on categorical features. However, they are not always robust and tend to overfit the data. Additionally, if…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-14 Oktay Gunluk , Jayant Kalagnanam , Minhan Li , Matt Menickelly , Katya Scheinberg

Random forests and, more generally, (decision\nobreakdash-)tree ensembles are widely used methods for classification and regression. Recent algorithmic advances allow to compute decision trees that are optimal for various measures such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Christian Komusiewicz , Pascal Kunz , Frank Sommer , Manuel Sorge

The decision tree recursively partitions the input space into regions and derives axis-aligned decision boundaries from data. Despite its simplicity and interpretability, decision trees lack parameterized representation, which makes it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Jinxiong Zhang

In the decision tree computation model for Boolean functions, the depth corresponds to query complexity, and size corresponds to storage space. The depth measure is the most well-studied one, and is known to be polynomially related to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Yogesh Dahiya , Meena Mahajan

Consider the following heuristic for building a decision tree for a function $f : \{0,1\}^n \to \{\pm 1\}$. Place the most influential variable $x_i$ of $f$ at the root, and recurse on the subfunctions $f_{x_i=0}$ and $f_{x_i=1}$ on the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Guy Blanc , Jane Lange , Li-Yang Tan

Sparse decision tree optimization has been one of the most fundamental problems in AI since its inception and is a challenge at the core of interpretable machine learning. Sparse decision tree optimization is computationally hard, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Hayden McTavish , Chudi Zhong , Reto Achermann , Ilias Karimalis , Jacques Chen , Cynthia Rudin , Margo Seltzer

Top-down induction of decision trees has been observed to suffer from the inadequate functioning of the pruning phase. In particular, it is known that the size of the resulting tree grows linearly with the sample size, even though the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-06-06 T. Elomaa , M. Kaariainen

In the first paper (part I) of this series of two, we introduce four novel definitions of the ODT problems: three for size-constrained trees and one for depth-constrained trees. These definitions are stated unambiguously through executable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Xi He

We study contextual stochastic optimization problems, where we leverage rich auxiliary observations (e.g., product characteristics) to improve decision making with uncertain variables (e.g., demand). We show how to train forest decision…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-17 Nathan Kallus , Xiaojie Mao

The main contribution of this paper is the development of a new decision tree algorithm. The proposed approach allows users to guide the algorithm through the data partitioning process. We believe this feature has many applications but in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-27 Cédric Beaulac , Jeffrey S. Rosenthal

Neural Networks and Decision Trees: two popular techniques for supervised learning that are seemingly disconnected in their formulation and optimization method, have recently been combined in a single construct. The connection pivots on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-27 Giuseppe Nuti , Lluís Antoni Jiménez Rugama , Kaspar Thommen