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Deep neural networks provide effective solutions to small-footprint keyword spotting (KWS). However, if training data is limited, it remains challenging to achieve robust and highly accurate KWS in real-world scenarios where unseen sounds…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-14 Menglong Xu , Shengqiang Li , Chengdong Liang , Xiao-Lei Zhang

The accuracy of a diagnostic test is typically characterised using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Summarising indexes such as the area under the ROC curve (AUC) are used to compare different tests as well as to measure…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-12-30 Fang Yao , Radu V. Craiu , Benjamin Reiser

The balanced loss is a widely adopted objective for multi-class classification under class imbalance. By assigning equal importance to all classes, regardless of their frequency, it promotes fairness and ensures that minority classes are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Corinna Cortes , Mehryar Mohri , Yutao Zhong

Statistical performance bounds for reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can be critical for high-stakes applications like healthcare. This paper introduces a new framework for theoretically measuring the performance of such algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-03 Christoph Dann , Tor Lattimore , Emma Brunskill

We study reinforcement learning (RL) with linear function approximation. Existing algorithms for this problem only have high-probability regret and/or Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) sample complexity guarantees, which cannot guarantee…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Jiafan He , Dongruo Zhou , Quanquan Gu

Efficient online learning with pairwise loss functions is a crucial component in building large-scale learning system that maximizes the area under the Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve. In this paper we investigate the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-01-24 Yuyang Wang , Roni Khardon , Dmitry Pechyony , Rosie Jones

The reliability of a learning model is key to the successful deployment of machine learning in various applications. However, it is difficult to describe the phenomenon due to the complicated nature of the problems in machine learning. It…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ramin Barati , Reza Safabakhsh , Mohammad Rahmati

We investigate the convergence rates and data sample sizes required for training a machine learning model using a stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm, where data points are sampled based on either their loss value or uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Daniel Haimovich , Dima Karamshuk , Fridolin Linder , Niek Tax , Milan Vojnovic

Constrained reinforcement learning has achieved promising progress in safety-critical fields where both rewards and constraints are considered. However, constrained reinforcement learning methods face challenges in striking the right…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Jianmina Ma , Jingtian Ji , Yue Gao

Throughout science and technology, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and associated area under the curve (AUC) measures constitute powerful tools for assessing the predictive abilities of features, markers and tests in binary…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-25 Tilmann Gneiting , Eva-Maria Walz

The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) has become a popular index not only for measuring the overall prediction capacity of a marker but also the association strength between continuous and binary variables. In the…

Recent studies have empirically investigated different methods to train stochastic neural networks on a classification task by optimising a PAC-Bayesian bound via stochastic gradient descent. Most of these procedures need to replace the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Eugenio Clerico , George Deligiannidis , Arnaud Doucet

Machine learning is now ubiquitous in societal decision-making, for example in evaluating job candidates or loan applications, and it is increasingly important to take into account how classified agents will react to the learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Dravyansh Sharma , Alec Sun

Calibration is a critical requirement for reliable probabilistic prediction, especially in high-risk applications. However, the theoretical understanding of which learning algorithms can simultaneously achieve high accuracy and good…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-07 Futoshi Futami , Atsushi Nitanda

We study the rates of convergence from empirical surrogate risk minimizers to the Bayes optimal classifier. Specifically, we introduce the notion of \emph{consistency intensity} to characterize a surrogate loss function and exploit this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-26 Jingwei Zhang , Tongliang Liu , Dacheng Tao

Scoring functions are used to evaluate and compare partially probabilistic forecasts. We investigate the use of rank-sum functions such as empirical Area Under the Curve (AUC), a widely-used measure of classification performance, as a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-01-31 Simon Byrne

We present a detailed study of top-$k$ classification, the task of predicting the $k$ most probable classes for an input, extending beyond single-class prediction. We demonstrate that several prevalent surrogate loss functions in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Anqi Mao , Mehryar Mohri , Yutao Zhong

Empirical risk minimization (ERM) with a computationally feasible surrogate loss is a widely accepted approach for classification. Notably, the convexity and calibration (CC) properties of a loss function ensure consistency of ERM in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-05 Ben Dai

Level-based and share-based loss functions are asymptotically equivalent if, in the limit, their averages converge almost surely to a constant ratio. These loss functions take a target value and its realization as arguments and are often…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-20 Charles D. Coleman

We study optimal policy learning under combined budget and minimum coverage constraints. We show that the problem admits a knapsack-type structure and that the optimal policy can be characterized by an affine threshold rule involving both…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-13 Giovanni Cerulli