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In 1924 Louis de Broglie introduced the concept of wave-particle duality: the Planck constant $h$ relates the momentum $p$ of a massive particle to its de Broglie wavelength $\lambda=h/p$. The superposition principle is one of the main…
We analyze the multipole excitation of atoms with twisted light, i.e., by a vortex light field that carries orbital angular momentum. A single trapped $^{40}$Ca$^+$ ion serves as a localized and positioned probe of the exciting field. We…
A local, time-retarded hidden variable model is described that fits the recently measured EPR data from the Innsbruck collaboration. The model is based on the idea that waves in the zero-point field convey information from the detectors to…
Distributed inference/estimation in Bayesian framework in the context of sensor networks has recently received much attention due to its broad applicability. The variational Bayesian (VB) algorithm is a technique for approximating…
A model is proposed for the statistical analysis of arbitrary-strength quantum measurements, based on a picture of "sampling weak values" from different configurations of the system. The model is comprised of two elements: a "local weak…
In this article, we propose a method to realize the "delayed choice experiment" using ultra-cold atoms. Here we attempt to probe the "welcher-Weg" information without collapsing the wavefunction of the atom. This experiment consists of…
There are two distinct perspectives on the quantum time-of-arrival: one can ask for the probability that a particle is found at the detector at a given time, regardless of whether it was previously detected, or for the probability that the…
Wave-particle duality is one of the most intriguing counterfactual concepts in quantum theory. In our common sense, the wave and particle properties of a quantum object are inseparable. However, the recent studies based on Quantum Cheshire…
A local interpretation of quantum mechanics is presented. Its main ingredients are: first, a label attached to one of the virtual paths in the path integral formalism, determining the output for measurement of position or momentum; second,…
We design a virtual element method for the numerical treatment of the two-dimensional parabolic variational inequality problem on unstructured polygonal meshes. Due to the expected low regularity of the exact solution, the virtual element…
Variational quantum algorithms are one of the most promising methods that can be implemented on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) machines to achieve a quantum advantage over classical computers. This article describes the use of a…
Bound state, valence electronic excitation spectra of N_2 are probed by nonresonant inelastic x-ray and electron scattering. Within the usual theoretical treatments, dynamical structure factors derived from the two probes should be…
We rigorously calculate the propagation and scattering of electromagnetic waves by rectangular and random arrays of dielectric cylinders in a uniform medium. For regular arrays, the band structures are computed and complete bandgaps are…
Wheeler's delayed-choice experiment delays the decision to observe either the wave or particle behavior of a photon until after it has entered the interferometer, and the quantum delayed-choice experiment provides the possibility of…
A time-dependent potential barrier has been used to probe the arrival-time distribution of the wave packet of a hot electron by raising the barrier to block the packet upon arrival of the packet at the barrier. To see whether the barrier…
In this work, we analyse a simplified frictional contact problem and its variational formulation that has a form of the elliptic variational inequality of the second kind. For this problem, we consider a numerical approximation based on…
The porous medium equation (PME) is a typical nonlinear degenerate parabolic equation. We have studied numerical methods for PME by an energetic variational approach in [C. Duan et al, J. Comput. Phys., 385 (2019) 13-32], where the…
According to a well-known principle of quantum physics, the statistics of the outcomes of any quantum experiment are governed by a Positive Operator-Valued Measure (POVM). In particular, for experiments designed to measure a specific…
Adopting the frame of mesoscopic physics, we describe a Bell type experiment involving time-delayed two-particle correlation measurements. The indistinguishability of quantum particles results in a specific interference between different…
Gedankenexperiments have consistently played a major role in the development of quantum theory. A paradigmatic example is Wheeler's delayed-choice experiment, a wave-particle duality test that cannot be fully understood using only classical…