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A model is presented that explains the `torsional oscillation' pattern of deviations in the solar rotation rate as a geostrophic flow. The flow is driven by temperature variations near the surface due to the enhanced emission of radiation…
Observations and models of solar prominences are reviewed. We focus on non-eruptive prominences, and describe recent progress in four areas of prominence research: (1) magnetic structure deduced from observations and models, (2) the…
Solar eruptions are sudden ejections of coronal mass and magnetic fields accompanied by intense energy release. The eruptive structure does not always erupt successfully, but sometimes fails to escape the Sun after initiation. The failure…
Solar flares occur due to the sudden release of energy stored in active-region magnetic fields. To date, the pre-cursors to flaring are still not fully understood, although there is evidence that flaring is related to changes in the…
Solar filaments/prominences are common features in the Sun's atmosphere that contain cool chromospheric material suspended within the hot corona. However, the intricate topology of these structures and the mechanisms driving their…
Solar wind is probably the best laboratory to study turbulence in astrophysical plasmas. In addition to the presence of magnetic field, the differences with neutral fluid isotropic turbulence are: weakness of collisional dissipation and…
We report a study of a compound solar eruption that was associated with two consecutively erupting magnetic structures and correspondingly two distinct peaks, during impulsive phase, of an M-class flare (M8.5). Simultaneous multi-viewpoint…
Solar eruptions often show the rotation of filaments, which is a manifestation of the rotation of erupting magnetic flux rope (MFR). Such a rotation of MFR can be induced by either the torque exerted by a background shear-field component…
We present the observation of a major solar eruption that is associated with fast sunspot rotation. The event includes a sigmoidal filament eruption, a coronal mass ejection, and a GOES X2.1 flare from NOAA active region 11283. The filament…
Our aim is to study the photospheric flux distribution of a twisted flux tube that emerges from the solar interior. We also report on the eruption of a new flux rope when the emerging tube rises into a pre-existing magnetic field in the…
The physical processes, which drive powerful solar eruptions, play an important role in our understanding of the Sun-Earth connection. In this Special Issue, we firstly discuss how magnetic fields emerge from the solar interior to the solar…
Solar prominences are long-lived cool and dense plasma curtains in the hot and rarefied outer solar atmosphere or corona. The physical mechanism responsible for their formation and especially for their internal plasma circulation has been…
Magnetic field generation in the Sun and solar-type stars is modeled here based on the formation of magnetically polarized condensates (B. M. Mirza, Mod. Phys. Lett. B 28 (2014) 1450148) under the high density and pressure conditions. The…
An intriguing possibility is explored that the solar neutrino data could be used as a probe to the magnetic field structure in the sun. Various cyclic phenomena occurring on the surface of the sun have been accounted for by the so-called…
High-resolution solar observations have revealed the existence of small-scale vortices, as seen in chromospheric intensity maps and velocity diagnostics. Frequently, these vortices have been observed near magnetic flux concentrations,…
As one of the most common features in the solar atmosphere, filaments are significant not only in the solar physics but also in the stellar and laboratory plasma physics. With the New Vacuum Solar Telescope and the Solar Dynamics…
The magnetic activity of the Sun, as manifested in the sunspot cycle, originates deep within its convection zone through a dynamo mechanism which involves non-trivial interactions between the plasma and magnetic field in the solar interior.…
Efforts to understand unusual weather or abrupt changes in climate have been plagued by deficiencies of the standard solar model (SSM). While it assumes that our primary source of energy began as a homogeneous ball of hydrogen (H) with a…
Using high resolution Cluster satellite observations, we show that the turbulent solar wind is populated by magnetic discontinuities at different scales, going from proton down to electron scales. The structure of these layers resembles the…
We propose a magnetic confinement nuclear fusion mechanism for the evolution of a solar flare in solar atmosphere. The mechanism agree with two observed characteristics of explosive flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that have proved…