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Formalizing an old desire of Einstein, "psi-epistemic theories" try to reproduce the predictions of quantum mechanics, while viewing quantum states as ordinary probability distributions over underlying objects called "ontic states."…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-25 Scott Aaronson , Adam Bouland , Lynn Chua , George Lowther

Two notions of nonclassicality that have been investigated intensively are: (i) negativity, that is, the need to posit negative values when representing quantum states by quasiprobability distributions such as the Wigner representation, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-07-07 Robert W. Spekkens

The possibility to test experimentally the Bell-Kochen-Specker theorem is investigated critically, following the demonstrations by Meyer, Kent and Clifton-Kent that the predictions of quantum mechanics are indistinguishable (up to arbitrary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-10 Andreas Winter

Kent's conclusion that ``non-contextual hidden variable theories cannot be excluded by theoretical arguments of the Kochen-Specker type once the imprecision in real world experiments is taken into account'' [Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 3755…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Adan Cabello

One of the fundamental results in quantum foundations is the Kochen-Specker no-go theorem. For the quantum theory, the no-go theorem excludes the possibility of a class of hidden variable models where value attribution is context…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-20 Andris Ambainis , Manik Banik , Anubhav Chaturvedi , Dmitry Kravchenko , Ashutosh Rai

The Kochen-Specker theorem is a basic and fundamental 50 year old non-existence result affecting the foundations of quantum mechanix, strongly implying the lack of any meaningful notion of "quantum realism", and typically leading to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-11 Del Rajan , Matt Visser

The no-go theorems of Bell and Kochen and Specker could be interpreted as implying that the notions of system and experimental context are fundamentally inseparable. In this interpretation, statements such as "spin is 'up' along direction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-26 Luis C. Barbado , Časlav Brukner

For a hidden variable theory to be indistinguishable from quantum theory for finite precision measurements, it is enough that its predictions agree for some measurement within the range of precision. Meyer has recently pointed out that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-23 Adrian Kent

The Kochen-Specker theorem shows the impossibility for a hidden variable theory to consistently assign values to certain (finite) sets of observables in a way that is non-contextual and consistent with quantum mechanics. If we require…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-12-19 Alastair A. Abbott , Cristian S. Calude , Jonathan Conder , Karl Svozil

A recent claim that finite precision in the design of real experiments ``nullifies'' the impact of the Kochen-Specker theorem, is shown to be unsupportable, because of the continuity of probabilities of measurement outcomes under slight…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 N. David Mermin

Kochen-Specker (KS) theorem lies at the heart of the foundations of quantum mechanics. It establishes impossibility of explaining predictions of quantum theory by any noncontextual ontological model. Spekkens generalized the notion of KS…

Fully revealing the mathmatical structure of quantum contextuality is a significant task, while some known contextuality theories are only applicable for rank-1 projectors. That is because they adopt the observable-based definitions. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-17 Songyi Liu , Yongjun Wang , Baoshan Wang , Yunyi Jia

The quantum state \psi is a mathematical object used to determine the probabilities of different outcomes when measuring a physical system. Its fundamental nature has been the subject of discussions since the inception of quantum theory: is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-23 M. K. Patra , S. Pironio , S. Massar

Quantum contextuality is one of the fundamental notions in quantum mechanics. Proofs of the Kochen-Specker theorem and noncontextuality inequalities are two means for revealing the contextuality phenomenon in quantum mechanics. It has been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-08 Xiao-Dong Yu , Yan-Qing Guo , D. M. Tong

The Kochen-Specker (KS) theorem is a corner-stone result in the foundations of quantum mechanics describing the fundamental difference between quantum theory and classical non-contextual theories. Recently specific substructures termed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-11 Yuan Liu , Ravishankar Ramanathan , Karol Horodecki , Monika Rosicka , Paweł Horodecki

The Kochen-Specker theorem shows that it is impossible to assign sharp values to all dynamical variables in quantum mechanics in such a way that the algebraic relations among the values of dynamical variables whose self-adjoint operators…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Simon Friederich , Mritunjay Tyagi

We give a short geometric proof of the Kochen-Specker no-go theorem for non-contextual hidden variables models. Note added to this version: I understand from Jan-Aake Larsson that the construction we give here actually contains the original…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Richard D. Gill , Michael S. Keane

Kochen-Specker theorems assure the breakdown of certain types of non-contextual hidden variable theories through the non-existence of global, holistic frame functions; alas they do not allow us to identify where this breakdown occurs, nor…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-03-11 Alastair A. Abbott , Cristian S. Calude , Karl Svozil

$\psi$-epistemic interpretations of quantum theory maintain that quantum states only represent incomplete information about the physical states of the world. A major motivation for this view is the promise to provide a reasonable account of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-18 Joshua B. Ruebeck , Piers Lillystone , Joseph Emerson

When a measurement is compatible with each of two other measurements that are incompatible with one another, these define distinct contexts for the given measurement. The Kochen-Specker theorem rules out models of quantum theory that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-06 Anirudh Krishna , Robert W. Spekkens , Elie Wolfe