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Let $(X_k)_{k\geq 1}$ and $(Y_k)_{k\geq 1}$ be two independent sequences of i.i.d. random variables, with values in a finite and totally ordered alphabet $\mathcal{A}_m:=\{1,\dots,m\}$, and having respective probability mass function…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-04-13 Clément Deslandes , Christian Houdré

The paper presents a language model that develops syntactic structure and uses it to extract meaningful information from the word history, thus enabling the use of long distance dependencies. The model assigns probability to every joint…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ciprian Chelba

Words in natural language follow a Zipfian distribution whereby some words are frequent but most are rare. Learning representations for words in the "long tail" of this distribution requires enormous amounts of data. Representations of rare…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-08 Dzmitry Bahdanau , Tom Bosc , Stanisław Jastrzębski , Edward Grefenstette , Pascal Vincent , Yoshua Bengio

We define the ``shift-match number'' for a binary string and we compute the probability of occurrence of a given string as a subsequence in longer strings in terms of its shift-match number. We thus prove that the string matching…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 A. H. Bilge , A. Erzan , D. Balcan

Results regarding probable bifurcations from fixed points are presented in the context of general dynamical systems (real, random matrices), time-delay dynamical systems (companion matrices), and a set of mappings known for their properties…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2009-11-11 D. J. Albers , J. C. Sprott

Recently Kubica et al. (Inf. Process. Let., 2013) and Kim et al. (submitted to Theor. Comp. Sci.) introduced order-preserving pattern matching. In this problem we are looking for consecutive substrings of the text that have the same "shape"…

The successive discrete structures generated by a sequential algorithm from random input constitute a Markov chain that may exhibit long term dependence on its first few input values. Using examples from random graph theory and search…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Rudolf Grübel

In many applications of natural language processing (NLP) it is necessary to determine the likelihood of a given word combination. For example, a speech recognizer may need to determine which of the two word combinations ``eat a peach'' and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ido Dagan , Lillian Lee , Fernando C. N. Pereira

Casting machine learning as a type of search, we demonstrate that the proportion of problems that are favorable for a fixed algorithm is strictly bounded, such that no single algorithm can perform well over a large fraction of them. Our…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-04-20 George D. Montanez

Given a graph $G$ and a bijection $f : E(G)\rightarrow \{1, 2, \ldots,e(G)\}$, we say that a trail/path in $G$ is $f$-\emph{increasing} if the labels of consecutive edges of this trail/path form an increasing sequence. More than 40 years…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-05-23 Omer Angel , Asaf Ferber , Benny Sudakov , Vincent Tassion

Drmota and Stufler proved recently that the expected number of pattern occurrences of a given map is asymptotically linear when the number of edges goes to infinity. In this paper we improve their result by means of a different method. Our…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-15 Guan-Ru Yu

This paper develops likelihood-based methods for estimation, inference, model selection, and forecasting of continuous-time integer-valued trawl processes. The full likelihood of integer-valued trawl processes is, in general, highly…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-24 Mikkel Bennedsen , Asger Lunde , Neil Shephard , Almut E. D. Veraart

Many recent studies use individual longitudinal data to analyze job search behaviors. Such data allow the use of fixed-effects models, which supposedly address the issue of dynamic selection and make it possible to identify the structural…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-09 Jeremy Zuchuat

We introduce a new kind of likelihood function based on the sequence of moments of the data distribution. Both binned and unbinned data samples are discussed, and the multivariate case is also derived. Building on this approach we lay out…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2015-03-09 Sylvain Fichet

We study the expansions of permutation statistics in the basis of functions counting occurrences of a fixed pattern in a permutation. We show the finiteness of these pattern expansions for a class of permutation statistics including the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-08 Ian Cavey , Hugh Dennin , Bridget Eileen Tenner

In many applications of natural language processing it is necessary to determine the likelihood of a given word combination. For example, a speech recognizer may need to determine which of the two word combinations ``eat a peach'' and ``eat…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Ido Dagan , Fernando Pereira , Lillian Lee

We consider binary infinite order stochastic chains perturbed by a random noise. This means that at each time step, the value assumed by the chain can be randomly and independently flipped with a small fixed probability. We show that the…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-07-20 Pierre Collet , Antonio Galves , Florencia G. Leonardi

Word2vec (Mikolov et al., 2013) has proven to be successful in natural language processing by capturing the semantic relationships between different words. Built on top of single-word embeddings, paragraph vectors (Le and Mikolov, 2014)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-12-11 Geng Ji , Robert Bamler , Erik B. Sudderth , Stephan Mandt

We provide an axiomatic characterization of lexicographic preferences over the set of all random availability functions using two assumptions. The first assumption is strong monotonicity, which in our framework is equivalent to the strong…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-11-03 Somdeb Lahiri

In the past decade, the use of ordinal patterns in the analysis of time series and dynamical systems has become an important and rich tool. Ordinal patterns (otherwise known as a permutation patterns) are found in time series by taking $n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-12-03 Sergi Elizalde , Megan Martinez