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We define quantum-like probabilistic behaviour as behaviour which is impossible to describe by using the classical probability model. We discuss the conjecture that cognitive behaviour is quantum-like. There is presented the scheme for an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Andrei Khrennikov

Bell's inequality plays an important role with respect to the Einsteinian question about the physical reality of quantum theory. While Bell's inequality is usually viewed within the geometric framework of a Hilbert space quantum model, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-26 Ulrich Faigle

Nonlocality lies at the core of quantum mechanics from both a fundamental and applicative point of view. It is typically revealed by a Bell test, that is by violation of a Bell inequality, whose success depends both on the state of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-10-04 Bruno Bellomo , Rosario Lo Franco , Giuseppe Compagno

We resolve an old problem about the existence of hidden parameters in a three-dimensional quantum system by constructing an appropriate Bell's type inequality. This reveals a nonclassical nature of most spin-$1$ states. We shortly discuss…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Alexander A. Klyachko , M. Ali Can , Sinem Binicioğlu , Alexander S. Shumovsky

We prove a version of Bell's Theorem in which the Locality assumption is weakened. We start by assuming theoretical quantum mechanics and weak forms of relativistic causality and of realism (essentially the fact that observable values are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-05 Alejandro Cabrera , Edson de Faria , Enrique Pujals , Charles Tresser

Bell's Theorem was developed on the basis of considerations involving a linear combination of spin correlation functions, each of which has a distinct pair of arguments. The simultaneous presence of these different pairs of arguments in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-23 Guillaume Adenier

(A) Bell's theorem rests on a conjunction of three assumptions: realism, locality and ``free will''. A discussion of these assumptions will be presented. It will be also shown that, if one adds to the assumptions the principle or rotational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Marek Zukowski

The interpretation of the meaning of Quantum Mechanics has faced controversy since its inception. Bell's inequalities are a touchstone in this controversy. Their observed violation demonstrates that at least one of the hypotheses involved…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Mónica Agüero , Juliana Bordieu , Alejandro Hnilo , Marcelo Kovalsky , Myriam Nonaka

Bell's theorem shows that no hidden-variable model can explain the measurement statistics of a quantum system shared between two parties, thus ruling out a classical (local) understanding of nature. In this work we demonstrate that by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-14 Benjamin Morris , Lukas J. Fiderer , Ben Lang , Daniel Goldwater

We construct a space of ideal elements (particles and their paths) to analyze certain aspects of quantum physics. The particles are taken from a model of particle interaction first described by David Deutsch (based on a different but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-25 Warren Leffler

An ambiguity is pointed out in J.S. Bell's argument that the distinction between quantum mechanics and hidden variable theories cannot be found in the behavior of single-particle beams. Within the context of theories for which states are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Daniel I. Fivel

We propose Bell inequalities for discrete or continuous quantum systems which test the compatibility of quantum physics with an interpretation in terms of deterministic hidden-variable theories. The wave function collapse that occurs in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-03-24 Karl-Peter Marzlin , T. A. Osborn

Relying on some auxiliary assumptions, usually considered mild, Bell's theorem proves that no local theory can reproduce all the predictions of quantum mechanics. In this work, we introduce a fully local, superdeterministic model that, by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-04 G. S. Ciepielewski , E. Okon , D. Sudarsky

A recent experiment yielding results in agreement with quantum theory and violating Bell inequalities was interpreted [Nature 526 (29 Octobert 2015) p. 682 and p. 649] as ruling out any local realistic theory of nature. But quantum theory…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-07 Robert B. Griffiths

We analyse the proof of Bell's inequality and demonstrate that this inequality is related to one particular model of probability theory, namely Kolmogorov measure-theoretical axiomatics, 1933. We found a (numerical) statistical correction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Andrei Khrennikov

Randomness is a ubiquitous phenomenon that is practically accompanied by physical events described by probability theory. However, probability by definition in the theory is a nonnegative scalar quantity. Here, we propose the concept of…

General Physics · Physics 2025-06-17 Sheng Feng

As discussed below, Bell's inequalities and experimental results rule out commutative hidden variable models as a basis for Bell correlations, but not necessarily non-commutative probability models. A local probability model is constructed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-09 Louis Sica

Bell's theorem proves that quantum theory is inconsistent with local physical models. It has propelled research in the foundations of quantum theory and quantum information science. As a fundamental feature of quantum theory, it impacts…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-06 Armin Tavakoli , Alejandro Pozas-Kerstjens , Ming-Xing Luo , Marc-Olivier Renou

H. P. Stapp has proposed a number of demonstrations of a Bell-type theorem which dispensed with an assumption of hidden variables, but relied only upon locality together with an assumption that experimenters can choose freely which of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Abner Shimony

I demonstrate that Bell's theorem is based on circular reasoning and thus a fundamentally flawed argument. It unjustifiably assumes the additivity of expectation values for dispersion-free states of contextual hidden variable theories for…

General Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Joy Christian