Related papers: A Note on the Prehistory of Superheavy Elements

Stars of ~8-100 solar masses end their lives as core-collapse supernovae (SNe). In the process they emit a powerful burst of neutrinos, produce a variety of elements, and leave behind either a neutron star or a black hole. The wide mass…

The advent of iron-based superconductors in 2008 came as a complete surprise to the condensed matter community. Now 15 years later, they are beginning to impart some of their new-found wisdom on a slew of emerging superconductors that boast…

In Cosmology and in Fundamental Physics there is a crucial question like: where the elusive substance that we call Dark Matter is hidden in the Universe and what is it made of?, that, even after 40 years from the Vera Rubin seminal…

Carbon is likely the most fascinating element of the periodic table because of the diversity of its allotropes stemming from its variable (sp, sp2, and sp3) bonding motifs. Exploration of new forms of carbon has been an eternal theme of…

Recent progress in two-dimensional superconductors with atomic-scale thicknesses is reviewed mainly from the experimental point of view. The superconducting systems treated here involve a variety of materials and forms: elemental-metal…

We have studied the conditions of through passage of asteroids with diameters 200, 100 and 50 m, consisting of three types of materials -- iron, stone and water ice across the Earth's atmosphere with the minimum trajectory altitude 10--15…

The rapid neutron-capture process (r-process) is responsible for the creation of roughly half of the elements heavier than iron, including precious metals like silver, gold, and platinum, as well as radioactive elements such as thorium and…

The first massive stars triggered the onset of chemical evolution by releasing the first metals (elements heavier than helium) in the Universe. The nature of these stars and how the early chemical enrichment took place is still largely…

After a brief history of heavy quarks, I will discuss charm, bottom, and top quarks in turn. For each one, I discuss its first observation, and then what we have learned about production, hadronization, and decays - and what these have…

This article summarizes the possible roles of neutrinos in cosmology, from the first three minutes onward. The fact that primordial neutrinos are about as numerous as the photons of the cosmological background radiation means that neutrino…

After the discovery of element 93 neptunium by Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson in 1941, Maria Goeppert Mayer applied the Thomas-Fermi model to calculate the electronic configuration of heavy elements and predicted the occurrence of a…

There are still many open questions regarding the nature of Uranus and Neptune, the outermost planets in the Solar System. In this review we summarize the current-knowledge about Uranus and Neptune with a focus on their composition and…

The chemical abundances of metal-poor stars provide a great deal of information regarding the individual nucleosynthetic processes that created the observed elements and the overall process of chemical enrichment of the galaxy since the…

This is a report on some highlights of some research on the rare light elements, lithium (Li), beryllium (Be), and boron (B), that I presented in my Henry Norris Russell Lecture in January, 2020. It is not a comprehensive review of work on…

Much of our understanding of the internal structure of the Sun derives from so-called standard theoretical solar models. Unfortunately, none of those models agrees completely with observation. The discrepancy is commonly associated with…

The objective of this work is to define the parameters of the three-term equation of state for uranium and plutonium, appropriate for conditions in which these materials are subjected to strong shock compressions, as in cylindrical and…

An introduction to and overview of the contents of this Special Issue are given. 32 classes of superconducting materials are discussed, grouped under the three categories "conventional", "possibly unconventional" and "unconventional"…

Extragalactic and galactic cosmic rays scatter with the cosmic neutrino background during propagation to Earth, yielding a flux of relic neutrinos boosted to larger energies. If an overdensity of relic neutrinos is present in galaxies, and…

As the heaviest known fundamental particle, the top quark has taken a central role in the study of fundamental interactions. The top quark mass is a fundamental parameter of the standard model which places constraints on the Higgs boson…

Abundant evidence has shown the emergence of exotic chemical phenomena under pressure, including the formation of unexpected compounds and strange crystal structures. In many cases, there is no convincing explanation for these phenomena and…