Related papers: Quantum-like Tests for Contextual Querying
The possibility to test experimentally the Bell-Kochen-Specker theorem is investigated critically, following the demonstrations by Meyer, Kent and Clifton-Kent that the predictions of quantum mechanics are indistinguishable (up to arbitrary…
We explore the relationship between Kochen-Specker quantum contextuality and Bell-nonclassicality for ensembles of two-qubit pure states. We present a comparative analysis showing that the violation of a noncontextuality inequality on a…
Violations of Bell inequalities in classical optics have been demonstrated in terms of field mean intensities and correlations, however, the quantum meaning of violations point to statistics and probabilities. We present a violation of Bell…
In this paper we explore partial coherence as a tool for evaluating causal influence of one signal sequence on another. In some cases the signal sequence is sampled from a time- or space-series. The key idea is to establish a connection…
The goal of self-testing is to characterize an a priori unknown quantum system based solely on measurement statistics, i.e. using an uncharacterized measurement device. Here we develop self-testing methods for quantum prepare-and-measure…
Dense retrieval is a crucial task in Information Retrieval (IR), serving as the basis for downstream tasks such as re-ranking and augmenting generation. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive semantic…
Correlation has been widely used to facilitate various information retrieval methods such as query expansion, relevance feedback, document clustering, and multi-modal fusion. Especially, correlation and independence are important issues…
The use of Bell's theorem in any application or experiment relies on the assumption of free choice or, more precisely, measurement independence, meaning that the measurements can be chosen freely. Here, we prove that even in the simplest…
While large pretrained language models (PLMs) demonstrate incredible fluency and performance on many natural language tasks, recent work has shown that well-performing PLMs are very sensitive to what prompts are feed into them. Even when…
Given an input query, generative models such as large language models produce a random response drawn from a response distribution. Given two input queries, it is natural to ask if their response distributions are the same. While…
Quantum computing represents a paradigm shift for computation requiring an entirely new computer architecture. However, there is much that can be learned from traditional classical computer engineering. In this paper, we describe the…
The question whether Quantum Mechanics describes all aspects of both the micro-world of elementary particles and living organisms adequately is still open. A Bell inequality test without locality and detection loopholes will deliver the…
We established a physically utilizable Bell inequality based on the Peres-Horodecki criterion. The new quadratic probabilistic Bell inequality naturally provides us a necessary and sufficient way to test all entangled two-qubit or…
Latent semantic representations of words or paragraphs, namely the embeddings, have been widely applied to information retrieval (IR). One of the common approaches of utilizing embeddings for IR is to estimate the document-to-query (D2Q)…
Conceptual entanglement is a crucial phenomenon in quantum cognition because it implies that classical probabilities cannot model non--compositional conceptual phenomena. While several psychological experiments have been developed to test…
By assuming a deterministic evolution of quantum systems and taking realism into account, we carefully build a hidden variable theory for Quantum Mechanics based on the notion of ontological states proposed by 't Hooft. We view these…
Although language model scores are often treated as probabilities, their reliability as probability estimators has mainly been studied through calibration, overlooking other aspects. In particular, it is unclear whether language models…
This paper presents a non-interleaving denotational semantics for the ?-calculus. The basic idea is to define a notion of test where the outcome is not only whether a given process passes a given test, but also in how many different ways it…
Correlations for the Bell gedankenexperiment are constructed using probabilities given by quantum mechanics, and nonlocal information. They satisfy Bell's inequality and exhibit spatial non stationarity in angle. Correlations for three…
Quantum mechanics is a challenging subject, even for advanced undergraduate and graduate students. Here, we discuss the development and evaluation of research-based concept tests for peer instruction as a formative assessment tool in…