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In order to study the origin of the architectures of low mass planetary systems, we perform numerical surveys of the evolution of pairs of coplanar planets in the mass range $(1-4)\ \rmn{M}_{\oplus}.$ These evolve for up to $2\times10^7…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-04-21 M. Xiang-Gruess , J. C. B. Papaloizou

We present new observations of the transiting system TrES-3 obtained from 2009 to 2011 at several observatories. The orbital parameters of the system were re- determined and a new linear ephemeris was calculated. The best quality light…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 M. Vanko , G. Maciejewski , M. Jakubik , T. Krejcova , J. Budaj , T. Pribulla , J. Ohlert , St. Raetz , S. Parimucha , L. Bukowiecki

We present the results of a search for planetary companions orbiting near hot Jupiter planet candidates (Jupiter-size candidates with orbital periods near 3 days) identified in the Kepler data through its sixth quarter of science…

Recent observations of Kepler multi-planet systems have revealed a number of systems with planets very close to second-order mean motion resonances (MMRs, with period ratio $1:3$, $3:5$, etc.) We present an analytic study of resonance…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-03 Wenrui Xu , Dong Lai

The KOI-94 system is a closely-packed, multi-transiting planetary system discovered by the Kepler space telescope. It is known as the first system that exhibited a rare event called a "planet-planet eclipse (PPE)," in which two planets…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-11-15 Kento Masuda , Teruyuki Hirano , Atsushi Taruya , Makiko Nagasawa , Yasushi Suto

The Kepler mission reveals a peculiar trough-peak feature in the orbital spacing of close-in planets near mean-motion resonances: a deficit and an excess that are a couple percent to the narrow, respectively wide, of the resonances. This…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-16 Yanqin Wu , Renu Malhotra , Yoram Lithwick

Of the fourteen transiting extrasolar planetary systems for which radii have been measured, at least three appear to be considerably larger than theoretical estimates suggest. It has been proposed by Bodenheimer, Lin & Mardling that…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Rosemary A. Mardling

The search for extrasolar planets is strongly motivated by the goal of characterizing how frequent habitable worlds and life may be within the Galaxy. Whilst much effort has been spent on searching for Earth-like planets, large moons may…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-19 David M. Kipping

The study of orbital resonances allows for the constraint of planetary properties of compact systems. We can predict a system's resonances by observing the orbital periods of the planets, as planets in or near mean motion resonance have…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-16 Mariah G. MacDonald , Michael S. Polania Vivas , Skylar D'Angiolillo , Ashley N. Fernandez , Tyler Quinn

If the two planets in the HAT-P-13 system are coplanar, the orbital states provide a probe of the internal planetary structure. Previous analyses of radial velocity and transit timing data of the system suggested that the observational…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2011-03-02 Matthew J. Payne , Eric B. Ford

Data from Kepler's first 136 days of operation are analyzed to determine the distribution of exoplanets with respect to radius, period, and host-star spectral type. The analysis is extrapolated to estimate the percentage of terrestrial,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 Wesley A. Traub

Mazeh, Holczer, and Shporer (2015) have presented an approach that can, in principle, use the derived transit timing variation (TTV) of some transiting planets observed by the $Kepler$ mission to distinguish between prograde and retrograde…

Transit timing variations (TTVs) have proven to be a powerful technique for confirming Kepler planet candidates, for detecting non-transiting planets, and for constraining the masses and orbital elements of multi-planet systems. These TTV…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-05-20 Katherine M. Deck , Eric Agol , Matthew J. Holman , David Nesvorny

The Kepler mission has discovered thousands of exoplanets around various stars with different spectral types (M, K, G, and F) and thus different masses and effective temperatures. Previous studies have shown that the planet occurrence rate,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-01 Jia-Yi Yang , Ji-Wei Xie , Ji-Lin Zhou

Early analyses of exoplanet statistics from the Kepler Mission revealed that a model population of multiple-planet systems with low mutual inclinations (${\sim1^{\circ}-2^{\circ}}$) adequately describes the multiple-transiting systems but…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-04 Sarah C. Millholland , Matthias Y. He , Eric B. Ford , Darin Ragozzine , Daniel Fabrycky , Joshua N. Winn

Nontransiting planets can reveal themselves through transit timing variations (TTVs), but inferring the properties of the perturbing planet is a highly degenerate inverse problem. We present a systematic reassessment of all 12 published…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-11 Caleb Lammers , Joshua N. Winn

The radius-period distribution of exoplanets has been characterized by the \textit{Kepler} survey, and the empirical mass-radius relation by the subset of \textit{Kepler} planets with mass measurements. We combine the two in order to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-04 Andrew R. Neil , Leslie A. Rogers

Warm giant planets with orbital periods of tens of days exhibit a positive correlation between mass and eccentricity. We interpret this trend as the outcome of planet-planet scattering, representing a transition from collision-dominated…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-25 Jiayin Dong , Eve J. Lee , Eiichiro Kokubo , Ruth Murray-Clay , Arvind Gupta

The planets with a radius $<$ 4 $R$$_\oplus$ observed by the Kepler mission exhibit a unique feature, and propose a challenge for current planetary formation models. The tidal effect between a planet and its host star plays an essential…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-15 Yao Dong , Jianghui Ji , Su Wang