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Related papers: Evidence-invariant Sensitivity Bounds

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One of the fundamental challenges in drawing causal inferences from observational studies is that the assumption of no unmeasured confounding is not testable from observed data. Therefore, assessing sensitivity to this assumption's…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-25 Md Abdul Basit , Mahbub A. H. M. Latif , Abdus S Wahed

It is common practice to collect observations of feature and response pairs from different environments. A natural question is how to identify features that have consistent prediction power across environments. The invariant causal…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Austin Goddard , Yu Xiang , Ilya Soloveychik

An observational study may be biased for estimating causal effects by failing to control for unmeasured confounders. This paper proposes a new quantity called the "sensitivity value", which is defined as the minimum strength of unmeasured…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-05-24 Qingyuan Zhao

Likelihood-based methods of statistical inference provide a useful general methodology that is appealing, as a straightforward asymptotic theory can be applied for their implementation. It is important to assess the relationships between…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-03-20 Thomas J. DiCiccio , Todd A. Kuffner , G. Alastair Young , Russell Zaretzki

Tasks that require information about the world imply a trade-off between the time spent on observation and the variance of the response. In particular, fast decisions need to rely on uncertain information. However, standard estimates of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-07-18 Sahel Azizpour , Viola Priesemann , Johannes Zierenberg , Anna Levina

Although neural networks can achieve very high predictive performance on various different tasks such as image recognition or natural language processing, they are often considered as opaque "black boxes". The difficulty of interpreting the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-22 Enguerrand Horel , Virgile Mison , Tao Xiong , Kay Giesecke , Lidia Mangu

This essay looks at decision-making with interval-valued probability measures. Existing decision methods have either supplemented expected utility methods with additional criteria of optimality, or have attempted to supplement the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-15 Ronald P. Loui

We consider the problem of bounding large deviations for non-i.i.d. random variables that are allowed to have arbitrary dependencies. Previous works typically assumed a specific dependence structure, namely the existence of independent…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-11-06 Christoph H. Lampert , Liva Ralaivola , Alexander Zimin

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in statistical methods that exhibit robust performance under distribution changes between training and test data. While most of the related research focuses on point predictions with the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-18 Alexander Henzi , Xinwei Shen , Michael Law , Peter Bühlmann

A common concern with Bayesian methodology in scientific contexts is that inferences can be heavily influenced by subjective biases. As presented here, there are two types of bias for some quantity of interest: bias against and bias in…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-03-06 Michael Evans , Yang Guo

Uncertainty quantification is a primary challenge for reliable modeling and simulation of complex stochastic dynamics. Such problems are typically plagued with incomplete information that may enter as uncertainty in the model parameters, or…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-07-15 Paul Dupuis , Markos A. Katsoulakis , Yannis Pantazis , Petr Plechac

Causal inference relies on the untestable assumption of no unmeasured confounding. Sensitivity analysis can be used to quantify the impact of unmeasured confounding on causal estimates. Among sensitivity analysis methods proposed in the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-12 Yushu Zou , Liangyuan Hu , Amanda Ricciuto , Mark Deneau , Kuan Liu

Sensitivity analysis for unmeasured confounding in observational studies is commonly based on threshold quantities, such as the Cornfield condition or the E-value, which quantify how strong a confounder must be to explain away an observed…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2026-03-20 Tommaso Costa

Bayesian inference is often utilized for uncertainty quantification tasks. A recent analysis by Xu and Raginsky 2022 rigorously decomposed the predictive uncertainty in Bayesian inference into two uncertainties, called aleatoric and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-25 Futoshi Futami , Tomoharu Iwata

Computer experiments are becoming increasingly important in scientific investigations. In the presence of uncertainty, analysts employ probabilistic sensitivity methods to identify the key-drivers of change in the quantities of interest.…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-02 Isadora Antoniano-Villalobos , Emanuele Borgonovo , Xuefei Lu

A sensitivity analysis in an observational study assesses the robustness of significant findings to unmeasured confounding. While sensitivity analyses in matched observational studies have been well addressed when there is a single outcome…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-11-05 Colin B. Fogarty , Dylan S. Small

Any data annotation for subjective tasks shows potential variations between individuals. This is particularly true for annotations of emotional responses to musical stimuli. While older approaches to music emotion recognition systems…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Karn N. Watcharasupat , Yiwei Ding , T. Aleksandra Ma , Pavan Seshadri , Alexander Lerch

Sensitivity Analysis is a framework to assess how conclusions drawn from missing outcome data may be vulnerable to departures from untestable underlying assumptions. We extend the E-value, a popular metric for quantifying robustness of…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-31 Wu Xue , Abbas Zaidi

We present an exact approach to analyze and quantify the sensitivity of higher moments of probabilistic loops with symbolic parameters, polynomial arithmetic and potentially uncountable state spaces. Our approach integrates methods from…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Marcel Moosbrugger , Julian Müllner , Laura Kovács

It is often said that a deep learning model is "invariant" to some specific type of transformation. However, what is meant by this statement strongly depends on the context in which it is made. In this paper we explore the nature of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Henry Kvinge , Tegan H. Emerson , Grayson Jorgenson , Scott Vasquez , Timothy Doster , Jesse D. Lew