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We introduce efficient MCMC algorithms for Bayesian inference for single-factor models with correlated residuals where the residuals' distribution is a Gaussian graphical model. We call this family of models single-factor graphical models.…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-17 David Marcano , Adrian Dobra

Often we wish to predict a large number of variables that depend on each other as well as on other observed variables. Structured prediction methods are essentially a combination of classification and graphical modeling, combining the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2010-11-19 Charles Sutton , Andrew McCallum

In this paper, the classical problem of the probabilistic characterization of a random variable is re-examined. A random variable is usually described by the probability density function (PDF) or by its Fourier transform, namely the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-01-22 Giulio Cottone , Mario Di Paola

Graphs have been widely adopted to denote structural connections between entities. The relations are in many cases heterogeneous, but entangled together and denoted merely as a single edge between a pair of nodes. For example, in a social…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Yiding Yang , Zunlei Feng , Mingli Song , Xinchao Wang

Causality plays an important role in understanding intelligent behavior, and there is a wealth of literature on mathematical models for causality, most of which is focused on causal graphs. Causal graphs are a powerful tool for a wide range…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Scott Garrabrant , Matthias Georg Mayer , Magdalena Wache , Leon Lang , Sam Eisenstat , Holger Dell

Probabilistic Graphical Models are often used to understand dynamics of a system. They can model relationships between features (nodes) and the underlying distribution. Theoretically these models can represent very complex dependency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Harsh Shrivastava , Urszula Chajewska

Graph data structures are fundamental for studying connected entities. With an increase in the number of applications where data is represented as graphs, the problem of graph generation has recently become a hot topic. However, despite its…

Factor analysis refers to a statistical model in which observed variables are conditionally independent given fewer hidden variables, known as factors, and all the random variables follow a multivariate normal distribution. The parameter…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-03-04 Mathias Drton , Bernd Sturmfels , Seth Sullivant

Probabilistic graphical models combine the graph theory and probability theory to give a multivariate statistical modeling. They provide a unified description of uncertainty using probability and complexity using the graphical model.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-11-30 Yang Zhou

A covariance graph is an undirected graph associated with a multivariate probability distribution of a given random vector where each vertex represents each of the different components of the random vector and where the absence of an edge…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-12-15 Dhafer Malouche , Bala Rajaratnam

Predictive coding graphs (PCGs) are a recently introduced generalization to predictive coding networks, a neuroscience-inspired probabilistic latent variable model. Here, we prove how PCGs define a mathematical superset of feedforward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Björn van Zwol

Probabilistic graphical modeling is a branch of machine learning that uses probability distributions to describe the world, make predictions, and support decision-making under uncertainty. Underlying this modeling framework is an elegant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Jacqueline Maasch , Willie Neiswanger , Stefano Ermon , Volodymyr Kuleshov

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are being applied to an increasing number of problems and fields due to their superior performance in classification and regression tasks. Since two of the key operations that CNNs implement are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Fernando Gama , Geert Leus , Antonio G. Marques , Alejandro Ribeiro

The Gaussian graphical model (GGM) incorporates an undirected graph to represent the conditional dependence between variables, with the precision matrix encoding partial correlation between pair of variables given the others. To achieve…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-03 Yueqi Qian , Xianghong Hu , Can Yang

Data dependencies have been extended to graphs to characterize topological and value constraints. Existing data dependencies are defined to capture inconsistencies in static graphs. Nevertheless, inconsistencies may occur over evolving…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Morteza Alipourlangouri , Adam Mansfield , Fei Chiang , Yinghui Wu

Models of complex networks are generally defined as graph stochastic processes in which edges and vertices are added or deleted over time to simulate the evolution of networks. Here, we define a unifying framework - probabilistic inductive…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2010-11-10 Nataša Kejžar , Zoran Nikoloski , Vladimir Batagelj

Conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs) have been widely researched to generate class conditional images using a single generator. However, in the conventional cGANs techniques, it is still challenging for the generator to learn…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-09 Min-Cheol Sagong , Yong-Goo Shin , Yoon-Jae Yeo , Seung Park , Sung-Jea Ko

Counterfactual generation aims to simulate realistic hypothetical outcomes under causal interventions. Diffusion models have emerged as a powerful tool for this task, combining DDIM inversion with conditional generation and classifier-free…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Tian Xia , Fabio De Sousa Ribeiro , Rajat R Rasal , Avinash Kori , Raghav Mehta , Ben Glocker

Fitting a graphical model to a collection of random variables given sample observations is a challenging task if the observed variables are influenced by latent variables, which can induce significant confounding statistical dependencies…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-20 Armeen Taeb , Parikshit Shah , Venkat Chandrasekaran

Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG) is a widely adopted technique in diffusion and flow-based generative models, enabling high-quality conditional generation. A key theoretical challenge is characterizing the distribution induced by CFG,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Krunoslav Lehman Pavasovic , Jakob Verbeek , Giulio Biroli , Marc Mezard