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Assuming that the relativistic universe is homogeneous and isotropic, we can unambiguously determine its model and physical properties, which correspond with the Einstein general theory of relativity (and with its two special partial…

General Physics · Physics 2010-12-27 Vladimir Skalsky

The stationary Boltzmann equation for hard and soft forces in the context of a two component gas is considered in the slab when the molecular masses of the 2 component are different. An $L^{1}$ existence theorem is proved when one component…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2009-10-08 Stéphane Brull

In this introductory review article, we explore the special relativistic equations of particle motions and the consequent derivation of Einstein's famous formula $E=mc^2$. Next, we study the special relativistic electromagnetic field…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Das , A. DeBenedictis , S. Kloster , N. Tariq

It is well-known that the equations for a simple fluid can be cast into what is called their Lagrange formulation. We introduce a notion of a generalized Lagrange formulation, which is applicable to a wide variety of systems of partial…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Robert Geroch , Gabriel Nagy , Oscar Reula

We consider the Boltzmann equation with external fields in strictly convex domains with the specular reflection boundary condition. We construct classical $C^1$ solutions away from the grazing set under the assumption that the external…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-06-24 Yunbai Cao

In this work a study of the gravity is made using Einstein's equation in the post-Newtonian approach. This is a method to linearise the General Relativity indicated to treat non-relativistic objects. It enables us to construct, from…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-04-29 I. C. Jardim , R. R. Landim

We present a basics of the Einstein General Theory of Relativity. In the first part of this review we derive relations of Riemann geometry which are used in the General Relativity. In the second part we discuss Einstein Equations and some…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-23 S. M. Bilenky

The Boltzmann equation is essential for gas thermodynamics,as it models how the molecular density distribution $F(t,x,v)$ changes over time. However, existing research primarily focuses on the single species Boltzmann equation, while…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-01-30 Gaofeng Wang , Weike Wang , Tianfang Wu

The Einstein equations for static gravitational field depend on energy density and pressure. So one may expect that solutions should depend on two parameters: mass and its analogue originated from pressure. Yet the Schwarzschild solution…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-12-31 A. I. Nikishov

A kinetic theory for relativistic gases in the presence of gravitational fields is developed in the second post-Newtonian approximation. The corresponding Boltzmann equation is determined from the evolution of the one-particle distribution…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-04 Gilberto M. Kremer

We discuss the applicability of the Boltzmann equation to the classical two-dimensional electron gas. We show that in the presence of both the electron-impurity and electron-electron scattering the Boltzmann equation can be inapplicable and…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Hruska , B. Spivak

We demonstrate that Einstein's general relativity theory arises as a special case in the framework of the Poincar\'e gauge theory of gravity under the assumption of a suitable nonminimal coupling of matter to the Riemann-Cartan geometry of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-11-24 Yuri N. Obukhov , Friedrich W. Hehl

A formulation of Einstein's gravitational field equations in four space-time dimensions is presented using generalized differential forms and Cartan's equations for metric geometries. Cartan's structure equations are extended by using…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-21 D C Robinson

In this paper Einstein's field equations, for static spherically symmetric perfect fluid models with a linear barotropic equation of state, are recast into a 3-dimensional regular system of ordinary differential equations on a compact state…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 U. S. Nilsson , C. Uggla

We generalize a recent prescription for the relaxation time approximation for the relativistic Boltzmann equation for systems with multiple particle species at finite temperature. This is performed by adding counter-terms to the traditional…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-10-21 Gabriel S. Rocha , Gabriel S. Denicol

It is well known that the particular form of the two-particle correlation function, in the collisional integral of the classical Boltzmman equation, fix univocally the entropy of the system, which turn out to be the Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon…

Classical Physics · Physics 2009-10-02 G. Kaniadakis

We develop the General Theory of Relativity in a formalism with extended causality that describes physical interaction through discrete, transversal and localized pointlike fields. The homogeneous field equations are then solved for a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Manoelito M. de Souza , Robson N. Silveira

It is shown that early suggested derivation of the Boltzmann kinetic equation for dilute hard sphere gas from the time-reversible BBGKY equations is incorrect since in fact a priori substitutes for them definite irreversible equations.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-06-09 Yuriy E. Kuzovlev

We examine the relationship between Palatini-like theories of gravity and models incorporating linear generalized uncertainty principles. Additionally, we delve into the thermodynamics of systems comprising both Bose and Fermi gases. Our…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-04-05 Aneta Wojnar , Débora Aguiar Gomes

In gas dynamics, the connection between the continuum physics model offered by the Navier-Stokes equations and the heat equation and the molecular model offered by the kinetic theory of gases has been understood for some time, especially…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-07-29 Thomas E. Carty