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We construct, for a second-order homogeneous Lagrangian in two independent variables, a differential 2-form with the property that it is closed precisely when the Lagrangian is null. This is similar to the property of the 'fundamental…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 D. J. Saunders

We study a possibility of Lagrangian formulation for free higher spin bosonic totally symmetric tensor field on the background manifold characterizing by the arbitrary metric, vector and third rank tensor fields in framework of BRST…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-06-15 I. L. Buchbinder , V. A. Krykhtin , P. M. Lavrov

The covariant description of massless particles of arbitrary spin typically employs symmetric tensors of rank $s$ and rests on a local symmetry carried by symmetric tensor parameters of rank $s-1$, suitably generalizing the $U(1)$…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-27 Will Barker , Dario Francia , Carlo Marzo , Alessandro Santoni

Motivated by applications in computational anatomy, we consider a second-order problem in the calculus of variations on object manifolds that are acted upon by Lie groups of smooth invertible transformations. This problem leads to solution…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-06-03 François Gay-Balmaz , Darryl D. Holm , David M. Meier , Tudor S. Ratiu , François-Xavier Vialard

We study a one-component quaternionic wave equation which is relativistically covariant. Bi-linear forms include a conserved 4-current and an antisymmetric second rank tensor. Waves propagate within the light-cone and there is a conserved…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Charles Schwartz

This paper provides necessary and sufficient conditions of optimality for variational problems that deal with a fractional derivative with respect to another function. Fractional Euler--Lagrange equations are established for the fundamental…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-02-06 Ricardo Almeida

Within the geometrical framework developed in arXiv:0705.2362, the problem of minimality for constrained calculus of variations is analysed among the class of differentiable curves. A fully covariant representation of the second variation…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-10-17 Enrico Massa , Danilo Bruno , Gianvittorio Luria , Enrico Pagani

We formulate higher order variations of a Lagrangian in the geometric framework of jet prolongations of fibered manifolds. Our formalism applies to Lagrangians which depend on an arbitrary number of independent and dependent variables,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-01-03 M. Francaviglia , M. Palese , R. Vitolo

The paths on the {\bf R$^3$} real Euclidean manifold are defined as 2-dimensional simplicial strips; points are replaced by 2-simplexes and the orbits of the action of a one discrete-parameter group on the base manifold becomes a convex…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-09-25 Marius. I. Piso

The study of generic, non-linear, deformations of Special Relativity parametrized by a high-energy scale $M$, which was carried out at first order in $M$ in Phys.Rev. D86, 084032 (2012), is extended to second order. This can be done…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-10-07 J. M. Carmona , J. L. Cortes , J. J. Relancio

Onsager and Machlup proposed a second order variational-principle in order to include inertial effects into the Langevin-equation, giving a Lagrangian with second order derivatives in time. This but violates Ostrogradysky's theorem, which…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-12-16 Alexander Jurisch

Hierarchies of Lagrangians of degree two, each only partly determined by the choice of leading terms and with some coefficients remaining free, are considered. The free coefficients they contain satisfy the most general differential…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2022-05-03 Ranses Alfonso-Rodriguez , S. Roy Choudhury

The nonsingular bounce models usually suffer from the ghost or gradient instabilities, as has been proved recently. In this paper, we propose a covariant effective theory for stable nonsingular bounce, which has the quadratic order of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-09-14 Yong Cai , Yun-Song Piao

The Lagrangian formalism is used to derive covariant equations that are suitable for use in continuously distributed matter in curved spacetime. Special attention is given to theoretical representation, in which the Lagrangian and its…

General Physics · Physics 2025-02-19 Sergey G. Fedosin

A family of Lagrange functions is considered, each producing the classical relativistic free spinning particle equation of motion of the third order. On this grounds a generalized Hamilton-Ostrohrads'kyj description of the free relativistic…

Classical Physics · Physics 2015-11-09 Roman Matsyuk

We construct Lorentz-invariant massless/massive spin-2 theories in flat spacetime. Starting from the most generic action of a rank-2 symmetric tensor field whose Lagrangian contains up to quadratic in first derivatives of a field, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-04-24 Atsushi Naruko , Rampei Kimura , Daisuke Yamauchi

In the first part of the thesis, and after an introduction to certain models of modified gravity, we study consistent Lagrangians for Lorentz invariant (massive and massless) spin-2 and spin-3/2 particles in flat space. The second part of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-09-23 D. Blas

In this note, we first introduce a boundary problem for Lagrangian submanifolds, analogous to the problem for free boundary hypersurfaces and capillary hypersurfaces. Then we present several interesting examples of Lagrangian submanifolds…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-05-28 Mingyan Li , Guofang Wang , Liangjun Weng

Whenever the condition of anomaly freedom is imposed within the framework of effective approaches to loop quantum cosmology, one seems to conclude that a deformation of general covariance is required. Here, starting from a general…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-06-21 Rhiannon Cuttell , Mairi Sakellariadou

We construct relativistic-invariant spinning-particle Lagrangian without auxiliary variables. Spin is considered as a composed quantity constructed on the base of non-Grassmann vector-like variable. The variational problem guarantees both…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-10-29 Alexei A. Deriglazov , Andrey M. Pupasov-Maksimov