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Inspired by the universality of computation, we advocate for a principle of spacetime complexity, where gravity arises as a consequence of spacetime optimizing the computational cost of its own quantum dynamics. This principle is explicitly…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-12-14 Juan F. Pedraza , Andrea Russo , Andrew Svesko , Zachary Weller-Davies

I investigate a discrete model of quantum gravity on a causal null-lattice with \SLC structure group. The description is geometric and foliates in a causal and physically transparent manner. The general observables of this model are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-04-04 Martin Schaden

In Schwarzschild spacetime, the timelike geodesic equations, which define particle orbits, have a well-known formulation as a dynamical system in coordinates adapted to the timelike hypersurface containing the geodesic. For equatorial…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-03 Stephen C. Anco , Jordan Fazio

The vector form of a Lorentz transformation which is separated with time and space parts is studied. It is necessary to introduce a new definition of the relative velocity in this transformation, which plays an important role for the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Yongkyu Ko

When four-dimensional general relativity is embedded in an unconstrained man-ner in a fifth dimension, the physical quantities of spacetime can be interpreted as geometrical properties related to the extra dimension. It has become…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-06-18 Paul S. Wesson

The Lorentz transformation is derived without assuming the existence of Maxwell's equations, or that the speed of light is a constant, or even that light exists. This leads us logically to sonsider the existence of a primal field called…

General Physics · Physics 2011-06-14 Edmund A. Di Marzio

We consider the equivalence problem for cosmological models in four-dimensional gravity theories. A cosmological model is considered as a triple $(M, {\bf g},{\bf u})$ consisting of a spacetime $(M, {\bf g})$ and a preferred normalized…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-08-03 Lode Wylleman , Alan Coley , David McNutt , Matthew Aadne

This work places the invariant $ds^2$ at the center of the gravitational interaction, interpreting it not as a purely geometric object but as the differential of proper time, endowed with direct physical meaning. Starting from the extension…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-10 Jaume de Haro

Physical time intervals are attributes of single physical object whereas physical space intervals are a relational attribute of two physical objects. Some consequences of the breaking of the space-time exchange symmetry inherent in the…

General Physics · Physics 2008-09-25 J. H. Field

A deformation of special relativistic kinematics (possible signal of a theory of quantum gravity at low energies) leads to a modification of the notion of spacetime. At the classical level, this modification is required when one considers a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-12-02 J. M. Carmona , J. L. Cortes , J. J. Relancio

We construct a model of quantum gravity in which dimension, topology and geometry of spacetime are dynamical. The microscopic degree of freedom is a real rectangular matrix whose rows label internal flavours, and columns label spatial…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-12-14 Sung-Sik Lee

The relativistic Lagrangian in presence of potentials was formulated directly from the metric, with the classical Lagrangian shown embedded within it. Using it we formulated covariant equations of motion, a deformed Euler-Lagrange equation,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-04-04 Sumanto Chanda , Partha Guha

A two-dimensional Minkowski spacetime diagram is neatly represented on a Euclidean ordinary plane. However the Euclidean lengths of the lines on the diagram do not correspond to the true values of physical quantities in spacetime, except…

General Physics · Physics 2007-06-15 Nilton Penha , Bernhard Rothenstein , Doru Paunescu

The geometrical nature of gravity emerges from the universality dictated by the equivalence principle. In the usual formulation of General Relativity, the geometrisation of the gravitational interaction is performed in terms of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-03-19 Jose Beltran Jimenez , Lavinia Heisenberg , Tomi S. Koivisto

We introduce a framework of structural approximation to represent Lorentz-invariant Minkowski space-time as the limit of finite cyclic lattices, each equipped with the action of a finite quasi-Lorentz group. This construction provides a…

General Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Boris Zilber

We consider three possible approaches to formulating coordinate transformations on position space associated with non-linear Lorentz transformations on momentum space. The first approach uses the definition of velocity and gives the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Sijie Gao , Xiaoning Wu

In this article, matrix and vector formalisms for Lorentz transformations in time ($t$) and two space dimensions ($x$ and $y$) are developed and discussed. Lorentz transformations conserve the squared interval $t^2 - x^2 - y^2$. Examples of…

Optics · Physics 2025-08-26 C. J. McKinstrie , M. V. Kozlov

Minkowski famously introduced the concept of a space-time continuum in 1908, merging the three dimensions of space with an imaginary time dimension $ i c t $, with the unit imaginary producing the correct spacetime distance $ x^2 - c^2 t^2…

Classical Physics · Physics 2015-05-28 James M. Chappell Nicolangelo Iannella , Azhar Iqbal , Derek Abbott

The focus of this article is on a modification of General Relativity (GR) governed by a dynamical scalar field. The latter is able to acquire a nonzero spacetime-dependent vacuum expectation value, which gives rise to a spontaneous…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-31 João Victor V. Santos , Marco Schreck

We focus on three-dimensional QRLG with the purpose of shedding light on the link between reduced LQG and LQC in four space-time dimensions. Considering homogeneous three-dimensional LQG, the theory simplifies to QRLG. We then implement…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-07-06 Jakub Bilski , Antonino Marciano