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Achieving optimal force sensitivity with nanomechanical resonators requires the ability to resolve their thermal vibrations. In two-dimensional resonators, this can be done by measuring the energy they absorb while vibrating in an optical…
Mid-infrared spectroscopy is essential for chemical identification and compositional analysis, due to the existence of characteristic molecular absorption fingerprints. However, it is very challenging to determine the refractive index of an…
We investigate theoretically the light reflectance of a graphene layer prepared on the top of one-dimensional Si/SiO2 photonic crystal (1DPC). It is shown that the visibility of the graphene layers is enhanced greatly when 1DPC is added,…
A unique perspective approach based on an analogy method is presented to solve the ray equation in a model of a continuous inhomogeneous medium, which has a spherically symmetric distribution. Basically, in the standard undergraduate…
Refraction at the interface between two materials is fundamental to the interaction of light with photonic devices and to the propagation of light through the atmosphere at large. Underpinning the traditional rules for the refraction of an…
Light propagation through a normal medium is determined not only by the real part of the refractive index but also by its imaginary part, which represents optical gain and loss. Therefore, two media with different gain and loss landscapes…
All known optical materials have an index of refraction of order unity. Despite the tremendous implications that an ultrahigh index could have for optical technologies, little research has been done on why the refractive index of materials…
We compute the refractive indices of a photon propagating in strong magnetic fields on the basis of the analytic representation of the vacuum polarization tensor obtained in our previous paper. When the external magnetic field is strong…
Photonic crystals (PCs) are periodic dielectric structures that severed as an excellent platform to manipulate light. A conventional way to guide/trap light via PCs is to introduce a line or point defect by removing or modifying several…
We describe local light-ray rotation in terms of complex refractive indices. We show that Fermat's principle holds, and we derive an extended Snell's law. The change in the angle of a light ray with respect to the normal to a…
This study reports the successful fabrication of high-positive refractive index change waveguides, exceeding 0.02 in fluoride glasses, marking a significant advancement in integrated optical components for visible to mid-infrared…
Flying particle sensors in hollow-core photonic crystal fibers require accurate localization of the optically trapped microparticles. We report position measurement to micrometer-resolution, using optical frequency domain reflectometry, of…
Light propagating in a moving medium with refractive index other than unity is subject to light drag. While the light drag effect due to the linear refractive index is often negligibly small, it can be enhanced in materials with a large…
We analyze the resonant linear and nonlinear transmission through a photonic crystal waveguide side-coupled to a Kerr-nonlinear photonic crystal resonator. Firstly, we extend the standard coupled-mode theory analysis to photonic crystal…
Sub-wavelength diffractive optics, commonly known as metasurfaces, have recently garnered significant attention for their ability to create ultra-thin flat lenses with extremely short focal lengths. Several materials with different…
Due to strong absorption of the incident light, the media with high refractive index are considered restrictive for applications in photonic crystals (PhCs). The possibility to resolve this problem by optical saturation effectively…
We present a theory for the diffraction of large molecules or nanoparticles at a standing light wave. Such particles can act as a genuine photon absorbers due to their numerous internal degrees of freedom effecting fast internal energy…
Exact analytical results (in terms of Bessel functions) for the bandgaps, reflectance, and transmittance of one-dimensional photonic crystals with a sawtooth refractive index profile on the period are derived for the first time. This…
Through periodic index modulation, we create two different types of photonic structures in a heated rubidium vapor for controlled reflection, transmission and diffraction of light. The modulation is achieved through the use of the AC Stark…
The great interest to the two and three dimensionally periodic structures, called photonic crystals (PCs), has begun with the pioneer works of Yablonovitch and John as one can efficiently control the propagation of the electromagnetic (EM)…