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Related papers: Have Superheavy Elements been Produced in Nature?

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The production of about half of the heavy elements found in nature is assigned to a specific astrophysical nucleosynthesis process: the rapid neutron capture process (r-process). Although this idea has been postulated more than six decades…

The rapid neutron capture or 'r process' of nucleosynthesis is believed to be responsible for the production of approximately half the natural abundance of heavy elements found on the periodic table above iron (with proton number $Z=26$)…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-04-05 E. M. Holmbeck , T. M. Sprouse , M. R. Mumpower

The possibility to produce superheavy elements in the course of low-yield nuclear explosions is analyzed within a simple kinetic model which includes neutron capture, gamma-emission, fission and particle evaporation from excited nuclei. We…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-05-19 Alexander Botvina , Igor Mishustin , Valery Zagrebaev , Walter Greiner

About half of the heavy elements in the Solar System were created by rapid neutron capture, or r-process, nucleosynthesis. In the r-process, heavy elements are built up via a sequence of neutron captures and beta decays in which an intense…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-08-23 R. Surman , M. Mumpower , J. Cass , A. Aprahamian

Mathematical model of heavy and superheavy nuclei production in intensive pulsed neutron fluxes of explosive process is developed. The pulse character of the process allows dividing it in time into two stages: very short rapid process of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-11-03 Yu. S. Lutostansky , V. I. Lyashuk , I. V. Panov

A possible mechanism for the formation of heavy-mass elements in supernovae is the rapid neutron-capture-mechanism (r-process). It depends upon the electron-fraction $Y_e$, a quantity which is determined by beta-decay-rates. In this paper,…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-07-07 M. M. Saez , O. Civitarese , M. E. Mosquera

The r-process constitutes one of the major challenges in nuclear astrophysics. Its astrophysical site has not yet been identified but there is observational evidence suggesting that at least two possible sites should contribute to the solar…

The astrophysical rapid neutron capture process or `$r$ process' of nucleosynthesis is believed to be responsible for the production of approximately half the heavy element abundances found in nature. This multifaceted problem remains one…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-01-20 M. R. Mumpower , R. Surman , G. C. McLaughlin , A. Aprahamian

A number of possible mechanisms have been suggested to generate density inhomogeneities in the early Universe which could survive until the onset of primordial nucleosynthesis and generate neutron-rich regions. In this work we are not…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-04-20 T. Rauscher , F. -K. Thielemann

Heavy elements (beyond iron) are formed in neutron capture nucleosynthesis processes. We have proposed a simple unified model to investigate the neutron capture nucleosynthesis in arbitrary neutron density environment. We have also…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-18 Miklos Kiss

About half of the elements beyond iron are synthesized in stars by rapid-neutron capture process (r-process). The stellar environment provides very high neutron flux in a short time ($\sim$ seconds) which is conducive for the creation of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-06-05 Vinay Singh , Joydev Lahiri , Malay Kanti Dey , D. N. Basu

Deciphering the conditions under which neutron captures occur in the Universe to synthesize heavy elements is an endeavour pursued since the 1950s, but that has proven elusive up to now due to the experimental difficulty of generating the…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-12-15 Vojtěch Horný , Sophia N. Chen , Xavier Davoine , Laurent Gremillet , Julien Fuchs

The rapid-neutron capture process ($r$ process) is identified as the producer of about 50\% of elements heavier than iron. This process requires an astrophysical environment with an extremely high neutron flux over a short amount of time…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-06-26 A. C. Larsen , A. Spyrou , S. N. Liddick , M. Guttormsen

The heaviest chemical elements are naturally produced by the rapid neutron-capture process (r-process) during neutron star mergers or supernovae. The r-process production of elements heavier than uranium (transuranic nuclei) is poorly…

The rapid neutron capture process (r-process) is thought to be responsible for the creation of more than half of all elements beyond iron. The scientific challenges to understanding the origin of the heavy elements beyond iron lie in both…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-12 S. Brett , I. Bentley , N. Paul , R. Surman , A. Aprahamian

It is well known that in fusion reactions one may get only neutron deficient superheavy nuclei located far from the island of stability. The multi-nucleon transfer reactions allow one to produce more neutron enriched new heavy nuclei but…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-11-10 V. I. Zagrebaev , A. V. Karpov , i. N. Mishustin , Walter Greiner

In rapid neutron capture, or r-process, nucleosynthesis, heavy elements are built up via a sequence of neutron captures and beta decays that involves thousands of nuclei far from stability. Though we understand the basics of how the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-17 R. Surman , M. Mumpower , J. Cass , I. Bentley , A. Aprahamian , G. C. McLaughlin

Stars of ~8-100 solar masses end their lives as core-collapse supernovae (SNe). In the process they emit a powerful burst of neutrinos, produce a variety of elements, and leave behind either a neutron star or a black hole. The wide mass…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-01-30 Yong-Zhong Qian

The specific mechanism and astrophysical site for the production of half of the elements heavier than iron via rapid neutron capture (r-process) remains to be found. In order to reproduce the abundances of the solar system and of the old…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 A. Arcones

The origin of the elements is a fascinating question that scientists have been trying to answer for the last seven decades. The formation of light elements in the primordial universe and heavier elements in astrophysical sources occurs…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-30 V. Liccardo , M. Malheiro , M. S. Hussein , B. V. Carlson , T. Frederico
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