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External forces acting on a microswimmer can feed back on its self-propulsion mechanism. We discuss this load response for a generic microswimmer that swims by cyclic shape changes. We show that the change in cycle frequency is proportional…

Biological Physics · Physics 2018-05-02 Benjamin M. Friedrich

We use a three-bead-spring model to investigate the dynamics of bi-flagellate micro-swimmers near a surface. While the primary dynamics and scattering are governed by geometric-dependent direct contact, the fluid flows generated by the…

Biological Physics · Physics 2017-08-17 Enkeleida Lushi , Vasily Kantsler , Raymond E. Goldstein

From bacteria and sperm cells to artificial microrobots, self-propelled microscopic objects at low Reynolds numbers often perceive fluctuating mechanical and chemical stimuli and contact exterior wall boundaries both in nature and the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-12-22 Yoshiki Hiruta , Kenta Ishimoto

Natural swimmers usually perform undulations to propel themselves and perform a range of maneuvers. These include various biological species ranging from micro-sized organisms to large-sized fishes that undulate at typical kinematic…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-07-01 Muhammad Saif Ullah Khalid , Junshi Wang , Haibo Dong , Moubin Liu

We investigate the applicability of the Method of Regularized Stokeslets (MRS) in the simulation of micro-swimmers at low Reynolds number. The chosen model for the study is the well-known three linked spheres swimmer. We compare our results…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-03-10 Henrique N. Lengler

Oceanic internal waves often have curvilinear fronts and propagate over various currents. We present the first study of long weakly-nonlinear internal ring waves in a three-layer fluid in the presence of a background linear shear current.…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-07-01 D. Tseluiko , N. S. Alharthi , R. Barros , K. R. Khusnutdinova

We introduce a generic model of weakly non-linear self-sustained oscillator as a simplified tool to study synchronisation in a fluid at low Reynolds number. By averaging over the fast degrees of freedom, we examine the effect of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-04 M. Leoni , T. B. Liverpool

The turbulence problem at the level of scaling exponents is hard in part because of the multifractal scaling of small scales, which demands that each moment order be treated and understood independently. This conclusion derives from studies…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-10-09 Kartik P. Iyer , Katepalli R. Sreenivasan , P. K. Yeung

The use of the reciprocal theorem has been shown to be a powerful tool to obtain the swimming velocity of bodies at low Reynolds number. The use of this method for lower-dimensional swimmers, such as cylinders and sheets, is more…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-11-10 Gwynn J. Elfring

Swimming micro-organisms such as flagellated bacteria and sperm cells have fascinating locomotion capabilities. Inspired by their natural motion, there is an ongoing effort to develop artificial robotic nano-swimmers for potential in-body…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-05-31 Jithu Paul , Yizhar Or , Oleg Gendelman

In this study, we experimentally examine the behavior of a free-falling rigid sphere penetrating a quiescent liquid pool. Observations of the sphere trajectory in time are made using two orthogonally placed high-speed cameras, yielding the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-06-04 Prasanna Kumar Billa , Tejaswi Josyula , Cameron Tropea , Pallab Sinha Mahapatra

Artificial microswimmers, nano and microrobots, are essential in many applications from engineering to biology and medicine. We present a Stokesian Dynamics study of the dynamical properties and efficiency of one of the simplest artificial…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-03-04 I. Berdakin , V. I. Marconi , Adolfo J. Banchio

The swimming of a two-sphere system and of a three-sphere chain in an incompressible viscous fluid is studied on the basis of simplified equations of motion which take account of both Stokes friction and added mass effects. The analysis is…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-01-04 B. U. Felderhof

Steady swimming can be characterized as both periodic and stable. These characteristics are the very definition of limit cycles, and so we ask "Can we view swimming as a limit cycle?" In this paper we will find that the answer is "yes". We…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2012-12-11 Henry O. Jacobs

We present a simple model for bacteria like \emph{Escherichia coli} swimming near solid surfaces. It consists of two spheres of different radii connected by a dragless rod. The effect of the flagella is taken into account by imposing a…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-06-03 Jocelyn Dunstan , Gastón Miño , Eric Clement , Rodrigo Soto

Flagellated bacteria exploiting helical propulsion are known to swim along circular trajectories near surfaces. Fluid dynamics predicts this circular motion to be clockwise (CW) above a rigid surface (when viewed from inside the fluid) and…

Biological Physics · Physics 2014-07-18 Diego Lopez , Eric Lauga

We study synchronization in bulk suspensions of spherical microswimmers with chiral trajectories using large scale numerics. The model is generic. It corresponds to the lowest order solution of a general model for self-propulsion at low…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-01-18 Sotiris Samatas , Juho S. Lintuvuori

We study two microswimmers consisting of a spherical rigid head and a passive elastic tail. In the first one the tail is clamped to the head, and the system oscillates under the action of an external torque. In the second one, head and tail…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-02-02 Giancarlo Cicconofri , Antonio DeSimone

We reconsider fluid dynamics for a self-propulsive swimmer in Stokes flow. With an exact definition of deformation of a swimmer, a proof is given to Purcell's scallop theorem including the body rotation. The breakdown of the theorem due to…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2011-08-01 Kenta Ishimoto , Michio Yamada

By synergistically combining modeling, simulation and experiments, we show that there exists a regime of self-propulsion in which the inertia in the fluid dynamics can be separated from that of the swimmer. This is demonstrated by the…