Related papers: The GRAVITY Coud\'e Infrared Adaptive Optics (CIAO…

Infrared wavefront sensing for adaptive optics assisted Galactic Center observations with the VLT interferometer and GRAVITY: operation and results

This article describes the operation of the near-infrared wavefront sensing based Adaptive Optics (AO) system CIAO. The Coud\'e Infrared Adaptive Optics (CIAO) system is a central auxiliary component of the Very Large Telescope (VLT)…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-16 Stefan Hippler , Wolfgang Brandner , Silvia Scheithauer , Martin Kulas , Johana Panduro , Peter Bizenberger , Henry Bonnet , Casey Deen , Françoise Delplancke-Ströbele , Frank Eisenhauer , Gert Finger , Zoltan Hubert , Johann Kolb , Eric Müller , Laurent Pallanca , Julien Woillez , Gérard Zins , GRAVITY Collaboration

GRAVITY: The AO-Assisted, Two-Object Beam-Combiner Instrument

We present the proposal for the infrared adaptive optics (AO) assisted, two-object, high-throughput, multiple-beam-combiner GRAVITY for the VLTI. This instrument will be optimized for phase-referenced interferometric imaging and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 F. Eisenhauer , G. Perrin , S. Rabien , A. Eckart , P. Lena , R. Genzel , R. Abuter , T. Paumard , W. Brandner

GRAVITY: a four-telescope beam combiner instrument for the VLTI

GRAVITY is an adaptive optics assisted Beam Combiner for the second generation VLTI instrumentation. The instrument will provide high-precision narrow-angle astrometry and phase-referenced interferometric imaging in the astronomical K-band…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 S. Gillessen , F. Eisenhauer , G. Perrin , W. Brandner , C. Straubmeier , K. Perraut , A. Amorim , M. Schöller , C. Araujo-Hauck , H. Bartko , H. Baumeister , J. -P. Berger , P. Carvas , F. Cassaing , F. Chapron , E. Choquet , Y. Clenet , C. Collin , A. Eckart , P. Fedou , S. Fischer , E. Gendron , R. Genzel , P. Gitton , F. Gonte , A. Gräter , P. Haguenauer , M. Haug , X. Haubois , T. Henning , S. Hippler , R. Hofmann , L. Jocou , S. Kellner , P. Kervella , R. Klein , N. Kudryavtseva , S. Lacour , V. Lapeyrere , W. Laun , P. Lena , R. Lenzen , J. Lima , D. Moch , D. Moratschke , T. Moulin , V. Naranjo , U. Neumann , A. Nolot , T. Paumard , O. Pfuhl , S. Rabien , J. Ramos , J. M. Rees , R. -R. Rohloff , D. Rouan , G. Rousset , A. Sevin , M. Thiel , K. Wagner , M. Wiest , S. Yazici , D. Ziegler

GRAVITY: The adaptive optics assisted, two object beam combiner for the VLTI

We present the adaptive optics assisted, near-infrared VLTI instrument - GRAVITY - for precision narrow-angle astrometry and interferometric phase referenced imaging of faint objects. Precision astrometry and phase-referenced…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 S. Gillessen , G. Perrin , W. Brandner , C. Straubmeier , F. Eisenhauer , S. Rabien , A. Eckart , P. Lena , R. Genzel , T. Paumard , S. Hippler

GRAVITY+ Wavefront Sensors: High-Contrast, Laser Guide Star, Adaptive Optics systems for the VLTI

We present the Wavefront Sensor units of the Gravity Plus Adaptive Optics (GPAO) system, which will equip all 8m class telescopes of the VLTI and is an instrumental part of the GRAVITY+ project. It includes two modules for each Wavefront…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-16 G. Bourdarot , F. Eisenhauer , S. Yazıcı , H. Feuchtgruber , J-B Le Bouquin , M. Hartl , C. Rau , J. Graf , N. More , E. Wieprecht , F. Haussmann , F. Widmann , D. Lutz , R. Genzel , F. Gonte , S. Oberti , J. Kolb , J. Woillez , H. Bonnet , D. Schuppe , A. Brara , J. Hartwig , A. Goldbrunner , C. Furchtsam , F. Soller , S. Czempiel , J. Eibl , D. Huber , S. Uysal , I. Treffler , H. Ozdemir , V. Gopinatha , P. Bourget , A. Berdeu , S. Gillessen , T. Ott , P. Berio , O. Boebion , F. Millour , R. Dembet , C. Edouard , T. Gomes , T. Shimizu , A. Drescher , M. Fabricius , J. Shangguan , S. Lagarde , S. Robbe-Dubois , F. Allouche , H. Nowacki , D. Defrere , P. J. V. Garcia , S. Hoenig , L. Kreidbergg , T. Paumard , C. Straubmeier

First Light for the GRAVITY+ Adaptive Optics: Extreme Adaptive Optics for the Very Large Telescope Interferometer

GRAVITY+ improves by orders of magnitude the sensitivity, sky-coverage and contrast of the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI). A central part of this project is the development of Gravity Plus Adaptive Optics (GPAO), a dedicated…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-11 GRAVITY+ Collaboration , : , F. Allouche , C. Bailet , M. Benisty , A. Berdeu , J. -P. Berger , P. Berio , A. Bigioli , C. Blanchard , O. Boebion , H. Bonnet , G. Bourdarot , P. Bourget , W. Brandner , J. Brulé , P. Burgos , M. Carbillet , C. Correia , B. Courtney Barrer , S. Curaba , R. Davies , D. Defrère , A. Delboulbé , F. Delplancke , R. Dembet , A. Drescher , N. Dubost , A. Eckart , C. Édouard , F. Eisenhauer , L. Esteras Otal , M. Fabricius , H. Feuchtgruber , P. Fédou , G. Finger , N. M. Förster Schreiber , R. Frahm , E. Garcia , P. Garcia , R. Garcia Lopez , R. Genzel , J. P. Gil , S. Gillessen , T. Gomes , F. Gonté , V. Gopinath , C. Gouvret , J. Graf , P. Guajardo , S. Guieu , W. Hackenberg , M. Hartl , X. Haubois , F. Haußmann , T. Henning , P. Hibon , S. Hönig , M. Horrobin , M. Houllé , N. Hubin , I. Ibn Taieb , L. Jochum , L. Jocou , A. Jost , J. Kammerer , L. Karl , A. Kaufer , P. Kern , P. Kervella , J. Kolb , H. Korhonen , L. Kreidberg , P. Krempl , S. Lacour , S. Lagarde , O. Lai , V. Lapeyrère , R. Laugier , V. Leal , J. -B. Le Bouquin , J. Leftley , P. Léna , B. Lopez , D. Lutz , Y. Magnard , F. Mang , A. Marcotto , D. Maurel , A. Mérand , F. Millour , M. Montarges , N. More , N. Morujão , T. Moulin , H. Nowacki , M. Nowak , S. Oberti , T. Ott , L. Pallanca , F. Patru , T. Paumard , K. Perraut , G. Perrin , P. O. Petrucci , R. Petrov , O. Pfuhl , N. Pourré , S. Rabien , C. Rau , M. Riquelme , S. Robbe-Dubois , S. Rochat , M. Salman , J. Sánchez-Bermúdez , J. Schubert , J. Scigliuto , P. Shchekaturov , N. Schuhler , J. Shangguan , T. Shimizu , S. Scheithauer , C. Soenke , F. Soulez , E. Stadler , J. Stadler , C. Straubmeier , E. Sturm , M. Subroweit , C. Sykes , L. J. Tacconi , K. R. W. Tristram , S. Uysal , S. von Fellenberg , F. Widmann , E. Wieprecht , E. Wiezorrek , J. Woillez , S. Yazici , G. Zins

GRAVITY: the VLTI 4-beam combiner for narrow-angle astrometry and interferometric imaging

GRAVITY is the second generation Very Large Telescope Interferometer instrument for precision narrow-angle astrometry and interferometric imaging in the Near Infra-Red (NIR). It shall provide precision astrometry of order 10…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-26 N. Blind , F. Eisenhauer , S. Gillessen , Y. Kok , M. Lippa , G. Perrin , R. Dembet , P. Fedou , S. Lacour , K. Perraut , L. Jocou , L. Burtscher , O. Hans , M. Haug , F. Haussmann , S. Huber , A. Janssen , S. Kellner , T. Ott , O. Pfuhl , E. Sturm , J. Weber , E. Wieprecht , A. Amorim , W. Brandner , C. Straubmeier

The GRAVITY instrument software / High-level software

GRAVITY is the four-beam, near- infrared, AO-assisted, fringe tracking, astrometric and imaging instrument for the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI). It is requiring the development of one of the most complex instrument software…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-01-26 Leonard Burtscher , Ekkehard Wieprecht , Thomas Ott , Yitping Kok , Senol Yazici , Narsireddy Anugu , Roderick Dembet , Pierre Fedou , Sylvestre Lacour , Juergen Ott , Thibaut Paumard , Vincent Lapeyrere , Pierre Kervella , Roberto Abuter , Eszter Pozna , Frank Eisenhauer , Nicolas Blind , Reinhard Genzel , Stefan Gillessen , Oliver Hans , Marcus Haug , Frank Haussmann , Stefan Kellner , Magdalena Lippa , Oliver Pfuhl , Eckhard Sturm , Johannes Weber , Antonio Amorim , Wolfgang Brandner , Karine Rousselet-Perraut , Guy S. Perrin , Christian Straubmeier , Markus Schoeller

First Light for GRAVITY: Phase Referencing Optical Interferometry for the Very Large Telescope Interferometer

GRAVITY is a new instrument to coherently combine the light of the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope Interferometer to form a telescope with an equivalent 130 m diameter angular resolution and a collecting area of 200…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-06-21 GRAVITY Collaboration , R. Abuter , M. Accardo , A. Amorim , N. Anugu , G. Ávila , N. Azouaoui , M. Benisty , J. P. Berger , N. Blind , H. Bonnet , P. Bourget , W. Brandner , R. Brast , A. Buron , L. Burtscher , F. Cassaing , F. Chapron , É. Choquet , Y. Clénet , C. Collin , V. Coudé du Foresto , W. de Wit , P. T. de Zeeuw , C. Deen , F. Delplancke-Ströbele , R. Dembet , F. Derie , J. Dexter , G. Duvert , M. Ebert , A. Eckart , F. Eisenhauer , M. Esselborn , P. Fédou , G. Finger , P. Garcia , C. E. Garcia Dabo , R. Garcia Lopez , E. Gendron , R. Genzel , S. Gillessen , F. Gonte , P. Gordo , M. Grould , U. Grözinger , S. Guieu , P. Haguenauer , O. Hans , X. Haubois , M. Haug , F. Haussmann , Th. Henning , S. Hippler , M. Horrobin , A. Huber , Z. Hubert , N. Hubin , C. A. Hummel , G. Jakob , A. Janssen , L. Jochum , L. Jocou , A. Kaufer , S. Kellner , L. Kern , P. Kervella , M. Kiekebusch , R. Klein , Y. Kok , J. Kolb , M. Kulas , S. Lacour , V. Lapeyrère , B. Lazareff , J. -B. Le Bouquin , P. Lèna , R. Lenzen , S. Lévêque , M. Lippa , Y. Magnard , L. Mehrgan , M. Mellein , A. Mérand , J. Moreno-Ventas , T. Moulin , E. Müller , F. Müller , U. Neumann , S. Oberti , T. Ott , L. Pallanca , J. Panduro , L. Pasquini , T. Paumard , I. Percheron , K. Perraut , G. Perrin , A. Pflüger , O. Pfuhl , T. Phan Duc , P. M. Plewa , D. Popovic , S. Rabien , A. Ramírez , J. Ramos , C. Rau , M. Riquelme , R. -R. Rohloff , G. Rousset , J. Sanchez-Bermudez , S. Scheithauer , M. Schöller , N. Schuhler , J. Spyromilio , C. Straubmeier , E. Sturm , M. Suarez , K. R. W. Tristram , N. Ventura , F. Vincent , I. Waisberg , I. Wank , J. Weber , E. Wieprecht , M. Wiest , E. Wiezorrek , M. Wittkowski , J. Woillez , B. Wolff , S. Yazici , D. Ziegler , G. Zins

Improved GRAVITY astrometric accuracy from modeling of optical aberrations

The GRAVITY instrument on the ESO VLTI pioneers the field of high-precision near-infrared interferometry by providing astrometry at the $10 - 100\,\mu$as level. Measurements at such high precision crucially depend on the control of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-03-10 GRAVITY Collaboration , R. Abuter , A. Amorim , M. Bauböck , J. P. Berger , H. Bonnet , W. Brandner , Y. Clénet , R. Davies , P. T. de Zeeuw , J. Dexter , Y. Dallilar , A. Drescher , A. Eckart , F. Eisenhauer , N. M. Förster Schreiber , P. Garcia , F. Gao , E. Gendron , R. Genzel , S. Gillessen , M. Habibi , X. Haubois , G. Heißel , T. Henning , S. Hippler , M. Horrobin , A. Jiménez-Rosales , L. Jochum , L. Jocou , A. Kaufer , P. Kervella , S. Lacour , V. Lapeyrère , J. -B. Le Bouquin , P. Léna , D. Lutz , M. Nowak , T. Ott , T. Paumard , K. Perraut , G. Perrin , O. Pfuhl , S. Rabien , G. Rodríguez-Coira , J. Shangguan , T. Shimizu , S. Scheithauer , J. Stadler , O. Straub , C. Straubmeier , E. Sturm , L. J. Tacconi , F. Vincent , S. von Fellenberg , I. Waisberg , F. Widmann , E. Wieprecht , E. Wiezorrek , J. Woillez , S. Yazici , A. Young , G. Zinsınst{9}

GRAVITY: beam stabilization and light injection subsystems

We present design results of the 2nd generation VLTI instrument GRAVITY beam stabilization and light injection subsystems. Designed to deliver micro-arcsecond astrometry, GRAVITY requires an unprecedented stability of the VLTI optical…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2012-12-21 O. Pfuhl , M. Haug , F. Eisenhauer , D. Penka , A. Amorim , S. Kellner , S. Gillessen , T. Ott , E. Wieprecht , E. Sturm , F. Haussmann , M. Lippa

GRAVITY+ adaptive optics (GPAO) tests in Europe

We present in this proceeding the results of the test phase of the GRAVITY+ adaptive optics. This extreme AO will enable both high-dynamic range observations of faint companions (including exoplanets) thanks to a 40x40 sub-apertures…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-05 Florentin Millour , Guillaume Bourdarot , Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin , Anthony Berdeu , Mathis Houllé , Philippe Berio , Thibaut Paumard , Denis Defrère , Paulo Garcia , Ferreol Soulez , Sebastian Hoenig , Fatmé Allouche , Martin Bachbucher , Christophe Bailet , Cyrille Blanchard , Olivier Boebion , Henri Bonnet , Amit Brara , Marcel Carbillet , Stephan Czempiel , Alain Delboulbé , Roderick Dembet , Clémence Edouard , Frank Eisenhauer , Halmut Feuchtgruber , Christoph Furchstsam , Stefan Gillessen , Armin Goldbrunner , Tiago Gomes , Carole Gouvret , Sylvain Guieu , Michael Hartl , Johannes Hartwig , Frank Haussmann , David Huber , Ihsan Ibn Taïeb , Johann Kolb , Stéphane Lagarde , Olivier Lai , James Leftley , Dieter Lutz , Yves Magnard , Hugo Nowacki , Sylvain Oberti , Thomas Ott , Christian Rau , Sylvie Robbe-Dubois , Jules Scigliuto , Franz Soller , Pavel Shchekaturov , Daniel Schuppe , Eric Stadler , Sinem Uysal , Felix Widmann , Ekherhard Wieprecht , Julien Woillez , Senol Yazici

The GRAVITY metrology system: modeling a metrology in optical fibers

GRAVITY is the second generation VLT Interferometer (VLTI) instrument for high-precision narrow-angle astrometry and phase-referenced interferometric imaging. The laser metrology system of GRAVITY is at the heart of its astrometric mode,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-08-07 N. Blind , H. Huber , F. Eisenhauer , J. Weber , S. Gillessen , M. Lippa , L. Burtscher , O. Hans , M. Haug , F. Haussmann , S. Huber , A. Janssen , S. Kellner , Y. Kok , T. Ott , O. Pfuhl , E. Sturm , E. Wieprecht , A. Amorim , W. Brandner , G. Perrin , K. Perraut , C. Straubmeier

Simplified model(s) of the GRAVITY+ adaptive optics system(s) for performance prediction

In the context of the GRAVITY+ upgrade, the adaptive optics (AO) systems of the GRAVITY interferometer are undergoing a major lifting. The current CILAS deformable mirrors (DM, 90 actuators) will be replaced by ALPAO kilo-DMs (43x43, 1432…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-14 Anthony Berdeu , Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin , Guillaume Mella , Laurent Bourgès , Jean-Philippe Berger , Guillaume Bourdarot , Thibaut Paumard , Frank Eisenhauer , Christian Straubmeier , Paulo Garcia , Sebastian Hönig , Florentin Millour , Laura Kreidberg , Denis Defrère , Ferréol Soulez , Taro Shimizu

The GRAVITY metrology system: narrow-angle astrometry via phase-shifting interferometry

The VLTI instrument GRAVITY will provide very powerful astrometry by combining the light from four telescopes for two objects simultaneously. It will measure the angular separation between the two astronomical objects to a precision of 10…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-01-21 M. Lippa , N. Blind , S. Gillessen , Y. Kok , J. Weber , F. Eisenhauer , O. Pfuhl , A. Janssen , M. Haug , F. Haußmann , S. Kellner , O. Hans , E. Wieprecht , T. Ott , L. Burtscher , R. Genzel , E. Sturm , R. Hofmann , S. Huber , D. Huber , S. Senftleben , A. Pflüger , R. Greßmann , G. Perrin , K. Perraut , W. Brandner , C. Straubmeier , A. Amorim , M. Schöller

GRAVITY: metrology

GRAVITY is a second generation VLTI instrument, combining the light of four telescopes and two objects simultaneously. The main goal is to obtain astrometrically accurate information. Besides correctly measured stellar phases this requires…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 S. Gillessen , M. Lippa , F. Eisenhauer , O. Pfuhl , M. Haug , S. Kellner , T. Ott , E. Wieprecht , E. Sturm , F. Haussmann , C. F. Kister , D. Moch , M. Thiel

Advances in Optical / Infrared Interferometry

After decades of experimental projects and fast-paced technical advances, optical / infrared (O/IR) interferometry has seen a revolution in the last years. The GRAVITY instrument at the VLTI with four 8 meter telescopes reaches thousand…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-02 Frank Eisenhauer , John D. Monnier , Oliver Pfuhl

The GRAVITY+ Project: Towards All-sky, Faint-Science, High-Contrast Near-Infrared Interferometry at the VLTI

The GRAVITY instrument has been revolutionary for near-infrared interferometry by pushing sensitivity and precision to previously unknown limits. With the upgrade of GRAVITY and the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) in GRAVITY+,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-12 GRAVITY+ Collaboration , : , Roberto Abuter , Patricio Alarcon , Fatme Allouche , Antonio Amorim , Christophe Bailet , Helen Bedigan , Anthony Berdeu , Jean-Philippe Berger , Philippe Berio , Azzurra Bigioli , Richard Blaho , Olivier Boebion , Marie-Lena Bolzer , Henri Bonnet , Guillaume Bourdarot , Pierre Bourget , Wolfgang Brandner , Cesar Cardenas , Ralf Conzelmann , Mauro Comin , Yann Clénet , Benjamin Courtney-Barrer , Yigit Dallilar , Ric Davies , Denis Defrère , Alain Delboulbé , Françoise Delplancke-Ströbele , Roderick Dembet , Tim de Zeeuw , Antonia Drescher , Andreas Eckart , Clemence Édouard , Frank Eisenhauer , Maximilian Fabricius , Helmut Feuchtgruber , Gert Finger , Natascha M. Förster Schreiber , Eloy Fuenteseca , Enrique Garcia , Paulo Garcia , Feng Gao , Eric Gendron , Reinhard Genzel , Juan Pablo Gil , Stefan Gillessen , Tiago Gomes , Frédéric Gonté , Carole Gouvret , Patricia Guajardo , Ivan Guidolin , Sylvain Guieu , Ronald Guzmann , Wolfgang Hackenberg , Nicolas Haddad , Michael Hartl , Xavier Haubois , Frank Haußmann , Gernot Heißel , Thomas Henning , Stefan Hippler , Sebastian Hönig , Matthew Horrobin , Norbert Hubin , Estelle Jacqmart , Laurent Jocou , Andreas Kaufer , Pierre Kervella , Jean-Paul Kirchbauer , Johan Kolb , Heidi Korhonen , Laura Kreidberg , Peter Krempl , Sylvestre Lacour , Stephane Lagarde , Olivier Lai , Vincent Lapeyrère , Romain Laugier , Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin , James Leftley , Pierre Léna , Steffan Lewis , Dieter Lutz , Yves Magnard , Felix Mang , Aurelie Marcotto , Didier Maurel , Antoine Mérand , Florentin Millour , Nikhil More , Hugo Nowack , Matthias Nowak , Sylvain Oberti , Francisco Olivares , Thomas Ott , Laurent Pallanca , Thibaut Paumard , Karine Perraut , Guy Perrin , Romain Petrov , Oliver Pfuhl , Nicolas Pourré , Sebastian Rabien , Christian Rau , Miguel Riquelme , Sylvie Robbe-Dubois , Sylvain Rochat , Muhammad Salman , Malte Scherbarth , Markus Schöller , Joseph Schubert , Nicolas Schuhler , Jinyi Shangguan , Pavel Shchekaturov , Taro Shimizu , Silvia Scheithauer , Arnaud Sevin , Christian Soenke , Ferreol Soulez , Alain Spang , Eric Stadler , Christian Straubmeier , Eckhard Sturm , Calvin Sykes , Linda Tacconi , Helmut Tischer , Konrad Tristram , Frédéric Vincent , Sebastiano von Fellenberg , Sinem Uysal , Felix Widmann , Ekkehard Wieprecht , Erich Wiezorrek , Julien Woillez , Şenol Yazıcı , Gérard Zins

Single-mode waveguides for GRAVITY II. Single-mode fibers and Fiber Control Unit

The 2nd generation VLTI instrument GRAVITY is a two-field infrared interferometer operating in the K band between 1.97 and 2.43 $\mu$m with either the four 8 m or the four 1.8 m telescopes of the Very Large Telescope (VLT). Beams collected…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-22 G. Perrin , L. Jocou , K. Perraut , J. Ph. Berger , R. Dembet , P. Fédou , S. Lacour , F. Chapron , C. Collin , S. Poulain , V. Cardin , F. Joulain , F. Eisenhauer , X. Haubois , S. Gillessen , M. Haug , F. Hausmann , P. Kervella , P. Léna , M. Lippa , O. Pfuh , S. Rabien , A. Amorim , W. Brandner , C. Straubmeier

First Light for GRAVITY Wide: Large Separation Fringe Tracking for the Very Large Telescope Interferometer

GRAVITY+ is the upgrade of GRAVITY and the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) with wide-separation fringe tracking, new adaptive optics, and laser guide stars on all four 8~m Unit Telescopes (UTs), for ever fainter, all-sky, high…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-14 GRAVITY+ Collaboration , : , R. Abuter , F. Allouche , A. Amorim , C. Bailet , M. Bauböck , J. -P. Berger , P. Berio , A. Bigioli , O. Boebion , M. L. Bolzer , H. Bonnet , G. Bourdarot , P. Bourget , W. Brandner , Y. Clénet , B. Courtney-Barrer , Y. Dallilar , R. Davies , D. Defrère , A. Delboulbé , F. Delplancke , R. Dembet , P. T. de Zeeuw , A. Drescher , A. Eckart , C. Édouard , F. Eisenhauer , M. Fabricius , H. Feuchtgruber , G. Finger , N. M. Förster Schreiber , E. Garcia , P. Garcia , F. Gao , E. Gendron , R. Genzel , J. P. Gil , S. Gillessen , T. Gomes , F. Gonté , C. Gouvret , P. Guajardo , S. Guieu , M. Hartl , X. Haubois , F. Haußmann , G. Heißel , Th. Henning , S. Hippler , S. Hönig , M. Horrobin , N. Hubin , E. Jacqmart , L. Jochum , L. Jocou , A. Kaufer , P. Kervella , H. Korhonen , L. Kreidberg , S. Lacour , S. Lagarde , O. Lai , V. Lapeyrère , R. Laugier , J. -B. Le Bouquin , J. Leftley , P. Léna , D. Lutz , F. Mang , A. Marcotto , D. Maurel , A. Mérand , F. Millour , N. More , H. Nowacki , M. Nowak , S. Oberti , T. Ott , L. Pallanca , T. Paumard , K. Perraut , G. Perrin , R. Petrov , O. Pfuhl , N. Pourré , S. Rabien , C. Rau , S. Robbe-Dubois , S. Rochat , M. Salman , M. Schöller , J. Schubert , N. Schuhler , J. Shangguan , T. Shimizu , S. Scheithauer , A. Sevin , F. Soulez , A. Spang , E. Stadler , J. Stadler , C. Straubmeier , E. Sturm , L. J. Tacconi , K. R. W. Tristram , F. Vincent , S. von Fellenberg , S. Uysal , F. Widmann , E. Wieprecht , E. Wiezorrek , J. Woillez , S. Yazici , A. Young , G. Zins