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The fabled violation of Bell's inequality by the probabilistic specifications of quantum mechanics is shown to derive from a mathematical error. The inequality, designed to assess consequences of Einstein's principle of local realism,…

General Physics · Physics 2021-08-19 Frank Lad

We point out that, when the dimension of the Hilbert space is greater than two, Bell's operators entering the Bell-CHSH inequality exhibit unitarily inequivalent representations. Although the Bell-CHSH inequality turns out to be violated,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-14 Silvio Paolo Sorella

A deterministic, relativistically local and thus classical Bell-type apparatus is reported that violates the Bell-CHSH inequality by introducing a simple local memory element in the detector and by requiring the detector combinations to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Frederick H. Willeboordse

The well known Bell experiment with two actors Alice and Bob is considered. First the simple deduction leading to the CHSH inequality under local realism is reviewed, and some arguments from the literature are recapitulated. Then I take up…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-01 Inge S. Helland

Bell's theorem is often said to imply that quantum mechanics violates local causality, and that local causality cannot be restored with a hidden-variables theory. This however is only correct if the hidden-variables theory fulfils an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-20 Jonte R. Hance , Sabine Hossenfelder , Tim N. Palmer

Shortcomings of experimental techniques are usually assumed to diminish nonclassical properties of quantum systems. Here it is demonstrated that this standard assumption is not true in general. It is theoretically shown that the inability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-26 A. A. Semenov , W. Vogel

Quantum correlations that violate the Bell inequality cannot be explained by any (measurement independent) local hidden variable theory. However, the violation only implies incompatibility of the underlying assumptions of reality, locality,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-30 Gen Kimura , Yugo Susuki , Kei Morisue

Bell inequalities, considered within quantum mechanics, can be regarded as non-optimal witness operators. We discuss the relationship between such Bell witnesses and general entanglement witnesses in detail for the Bell inequality derived…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 P. Hyllus , O. Guehne , D. Bruss , M. Lewenstein

The violation of Bell inequalities seems to establish an important fact about the world: that it is non-local. However, this result relies on the assumption of the statistical independence of the measurement settings with respect to…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2020-09-30 Augustin Baas , Baptiste Le Bihan

It is shown that Bell's theorem fails for the Clifford algebra valued local realistic variables. This is made evident by exactly reproducing quantum mechanical expectation value for the EPR-Bohm type spin correlations observable by means of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-23 Joy Christian

We formally prove the existence of an enduring incongruence pervading a widespread interpretation of the Bell inequality and explain how to rationally avoid it with a natural assumption justified by explicit reference to a mathematical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-30 Justo Pastor Lambare

Hance and Hossenfelder recently claim that the extensive experimental confirmations of Bell's Theorem do not in fact demonstrate that nature is nonlocal, but merely that nature can be local only if the distant detector settings in a…

General Physics · Physics 2024-10-10 Kent A. Peacock

The violation of Bell inequalities is often interpreted as showing that, if hidden variables exist, they must be contextual and non local. But they can also be explained questioning the probability space employed, or the validity of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-18 Aldo F. G. Solis-Labastida , Melina Gastelum , Jorge G. Hirsch

It has been shown that there is a small possibility to experimentally violate the CHSH Bell inequality in a 'classical' context. The probability of such a violation has been estimated in the framework of a classical probabilistic model in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-13 Bogusław Broda , Michał Szanecki

I demonstrate that Bell's theorem is based on circular reasoning and thus a fundamentally flawed argument. It unjustifiably assumes the additivity of expectation values for dispersion-free states of contextual hidden variable theories for…

General Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Joy Christian

Many issues combine for consideration when speaking of Bell's Inequalities: nonlocality, realism, hidden variables, incompatible measures, wave function collapse, other. Each of these issues then may be viewed from several viewpoints:…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Karl Gustafson

Solid experimental evidence has now been obtained that confirms the violation of Bell's inequality in tests of maximally entangled qubit pairs. This violation is widely interpreted as definitive proof of the impossibility of describing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 David H. Oaknin

This Letter looks at the consequences of so-called 'superstrong nonlocal correlations', which are hypothetical violations of Bell/CHSH inequalities that are stronger than quantum mechanics allows, yet weak enough to prohibit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Wim van Dam

It is shown that Bell's counterfactuals admit joint quasiprobability distributions (i.e. joint distributions exist, but may not be non-negative). A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence among them of a true probability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Noam Erez

A violation of Bell-CHSH inequalities does not justify speculations about quantum non-locality, conspiracy and retro-causation. Such speculations are rooted in a belief that setting dependence of hidden variables in a probabilistic model,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-06 Marian Kupczynski