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The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into optimization has created a powerful synergy, opening exciting research opportunities. This paper investigates how LLMs can enhance existing optimization algorithms. Using their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Camilo Chacón Sartori , Christian Blum

Routing Problems are central to many real-world applications, yet remain challenging due to their (NP-)hard nature. Amongst existing approaches, heuristics often offer the best trade-off between quality and scalability, making them suitable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Felix Chalumeau , Refiloe Shabe , Noah De Nicola , Arnu Pretorius , Thomas D. Barrett , Nathan Grinsztajn

The continuous computational power growth in the last decades has made solving several optimization problems significant to humankind a tractable task; however, tackling some of them remains a challenge due to the overwhelming amount of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Luiz C. F. Ribeiro , Mateus Roder , Gustavo H. de Rosa , Leandro A. Passos , João P. Papa

Metaheuristics have gained great success in academia and practice because their search logic can be applied to any problem with available solution representation, solution quality evaluation, and certain notions of locality. Manually…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Qi Zhao , Qiqi Duan , Bai Yan , Shi Cheng , Yuhui Shi

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is among the most famous NP-hard optimization problems. We design for this problem a randomized polynomial-time algorithm that computes a (1+eps)-approximation to the optimal tour, for any fixed eps>0,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-09-09 Yair Bartal , Lee-Ad Gottlieb , Robert Krauthgamer

The Rank Pricing Problem (RPP) is a challenging bilevel optimization problem with binary variables whose objective is to determine the optimal pricing strategy for a set of products to maximize the total benefit, given that customer…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-27 Asunción Jiménez-Cordero , Salvador Pineda , Juan Miguel Morales

Learning heuristics for combinatorial optimization problems through graph neural networks have recently shown promising results on some classic NP-hard problems. These are single-level optimization problems with only one player. Multilevel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-22 Adel Nabli , Margarida Carvalho

In this article we propose a heuristic algorithm to explore search space trees associated with instances of combinatorial optimization problems. The algorithm is based on Monte Carlo tree search, a popular algorithm in game playing that is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Jorik Jooken , Pieter Leyman , Tony Wauters , Patrick De Causmaecker

Current methods for end-to-end constructive neural combinatorial optimization usually train a policy using behavior cloning from expert solutions or policy gradient methods from reinforcement learning. While behavior cloning is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Jonathan Pirnay , Dominik G. Grimm

Heuristic algorithms play a vital role in solving combinatorial optimization (CO) problems, yet traditional designs depend heavily on manual expertise and struggle to generalize across diverse instances. We introduce \textbf{HeurAgenix}, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Xianliang Yang , Ling Zhang , Haolong Qian , Lei Song , Jiang Bian

This work deals with a class of problems under interval data uncertainty, namely interval robust-hard problems, composed of interval data min-max regret generalizations of classical NP-hard combinatorial problems modeled as 0-1 integer…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-12-21 Lucas Assunção , Thiago F. Noronha , Andréa Cynthia Santos , Rafael Andrade

In this work we explore the combination of metaheuristics and learned neural network solvers for combinatorial optimization. We do this in the context of the transit network design problem, a uniquely challenging combinatorial optimization…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Andrew Holliday , Gregory Dudek

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a well-known combinatorial optimization problem that aims to find the shortest possible route that visits each city exactly once and returns to the starting point. This paper explores the application…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Kael Silva Araújo , Francisco Márcio Barboza

We propose a new genetic algorithm with optimal recombination for the asymmetric instances of travelling salesman problem. The algorithm incorporates several new features that contribute to its effectiveness: (i) Optimal recombination…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-12-20 A. V. Eremeev , Yu. V. Kovalenko

Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a classic NP-hard problem that has garnered significant attention from both academia and industry. While neural-based methods have shown promise for solving TSPs, they still face challenges in scaling to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Tongkai Lu , Shuai Ma , Chongyang Tao

The Orienteering Problem with Time Windows (OPTW) is a combinatorial optimization problem where the goal is to maximize the total score collected from different visited locations. The application of neural network models to combinatorial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Ricardo Gama , Hugo L. Fernandes

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a complex optimization problem with numerous real-world applications, mostly solved using metaheuristic algorithms due to its $\mathcal{NP}$-Hard nature. Traditionally, these metaheuristics rely on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Bachtiar Herdianto , Romain Billot , Flavien Lucas , Marc Sevaux

Register allocation (mapping variables to processor registers or memory) and instruction scheduling (reordering instructions to increase instruction-level parallelism) are essential tasks for generating efficient assembly code in a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-06-10 Roberto Castañeda Lozano , Christian Schulte

Many real-world optimization problems consist of multiple tightly coupled subproblems whose solutions must be coordinated to achieve high overall performance. However, existing large language model driven automated heuristic design…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Thomas Bömer , Bastian Amberg , Max Disselnmeyer , Anne Meyer

The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a classical combinatorial optimisation problem. Deep learning has been successfully extended to meta-learning, where previous solving efforts assist in learning how to optimise future optimisation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Nasrin Sultana , Jeffrey Chan , A. K. Qin , Tabinda Sarwar