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Machine learning has increasingly been employed to solve NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems, resulting in the emergence of neural solvers that demonstrate remarkable performance, even with minimal domain-specific knowledge. To…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-27 Chengrui Gao , Haopu Shang , Ke Xue , Chao Qian

We introduce Limited Rollout Beam Search (LRBS), a beam search strategy for deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based combinatorial optimization improvement heuristics. Utilizing pre-trained models on the Euclidean Traveling Salesperson…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Federico Julian Camerota Verdù , Lorenzo Castelli , Luca Bortolussi

The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the most popular Combinatorial Optimization Problem. It is well solicited for the large variety of applications that it can solve, but also for its difficulty to find optimal solutions. One of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Mehdi El Krari , Belaïd Ahiod

Multi-objectivization is a term used to describe strategies developed for optimizing single-objective problems by multi-objective algorithms. This paper focuses on multi-objectivizing the sum-of-the-parts combinatorial optimization…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Jialong Shi , Jianyong Sun , Qingfu Zhang

Combinatorial Optimization underpins many real-world applications and yet, designing performant algorithms to solve these complex, typically NP-hard, problems remains a significant research challenge. Reinforcement Learning (RL) provides a…

Simple heuristics often show a remarkable performance in practice for optimization problems. Worst-case analysis often falls short of explaining this performance. Because of this, "beyond worst-case analysis" of algorithms has recently…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Stefan Klootwijk , Bodo Manthey , Sander K. Visser

Combinatorial optimization problems arise in a wide range of applications from diverse domains. Many of these problems are NP-hard and designing efficient heuristics for them requires considerable time and experimentation. On the other…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Juho Lauri , Sourav Dutta , Marco Grassia , Deepak Ajwani

Traditional solvers for tackling combinatorial optimization (CO) problems are usually designed by human experts. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in utilizing deep learning, especially deep reinforcement learning, to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Shengcai Liu , Yu Zhang , Ke Tang , Xin Yao

The traveling salesman problem (TSP) and the graph partitioning problem (GPP) are two important combinatorial optimization problems with many applications. Due to the NP-hardness of these problems, heuristic algorithms are commonly used to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Ali Dasdan

Solving NP-hard/complete combinatorial problems with neural networks is a challenging research area that aims to surpass classical approximate algorithms. The long-term objective is to outperform hand-designed heuristics for…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Dobrik Georgiev , Danilo Numeroso , Davide Bacciu , Pietro Liò

Combinatorial problems which have been proven to be NP-hard are faced in Higher Education Institutions and researches have extensively investigated some of the well-known combinatorial problems such as the timetabling and student project…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-02 Patrick Kenekayoro , Biralatei Fawei

A common strategy for improving optimization algorithms is to restart the algorithm when it is believed to be trapped in an inferior part of the search space. However, while specific restart strategies have been developed for specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-09-14 Tobias Friedrich , Timo Kötzing , Markus Wagner

The ML-Constructive heuristic is a recently presented method and the first hybrid method capable of scaling up to real scale traveling salesman problems. It combines machine learning techniques and classic optimization techniques. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Tommaso Vitali , Umberto Junior Mele , Luca Maria Gambardella , Roberto Montemanni

The Traveling Salesman Problem is one of the most intensively studied combinatorial optimization problems due both to its range of real-world applications and its computational complexity. When combined with the Set Covering Problem, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Yuwen Yang , Jayant Rajgopal

Routing and scheduling problems are fundamental problems in combinatorial optimization, and also have many applications. Most variations of these problems are NP-Hard, so we need to use heuristics to solve these problems on large instances,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-02-20 Arindam Pal

Heuristics have achieved great success in solving combinatorial optimization problems~(COPs). However, heuristics designed by humans require too much domain knowledge and testing time. Since Large Language Models~(LLMs) possess strong…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Hui Wang , Xufeng Zhang , Chaoxu Mu

In this work, we aim to explore connections between dynamical systems techniques and combinatorial optimization problems. In particular, we construct heuristic approaches for the traveling salesman problem (TSP) based on embedding the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-08-14 Tuhin Sahai , Adrian Ziessler , Stefan Klus , Michael Dellnitz

Relevant combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) are often NP-hard. While they have been tackled mainly via handcrafted heuristics in the past, advances in neural networks have motivated the development of general methods to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Tim Dernedde , Daniela Thyssens , Sören Dittrich , Maximilian Stubbemann , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

Heuristic design with large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a promising approach for tackling combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). However, existing approaches often rely on manually predefined evolutionary computation (EC)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Yiding Shi , Jianan Zhou , Wen Song , Jieyi Bi , Yaoxin Wu , Zhiguang Cao , Jie Zhang

We propose a new approach for solving combinatorial optimization problem by utilizing the mechanism of chases and escapes, which has a long history in mathematics. In addition to the well-used steepest descent and neighboring search, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Toru Ohira