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Basic quantum effects are often illustrated using single particle interferences in two-path interferometers. A wider range of non-classical phenomena can be illustrated using three-path interferometers, but the increased complexity of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Holger F. Hofmann

For a given pure state of a composite quantum system we analyze the product of its projections onto a set of locally orthogonal separable pure states. We derive a bound for this product analogous to the entropic uncertainty relations. For…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-28 Łukasz Rudnicki , Paweł Horodecki , Karol Życzkowski

Self-testing of quantum devices based on observed measurement statistics is a method to certify quantum systems using minimal resources. In Ref. [Phys. Rev. \textbf{A} 101, 032106 (2020)], a scheme based on observing measurement statistics…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-03 Chellasamy Jebarathinam , Gautam Sharma , Sk Sazim , Remigiusz Augusiak

Measure theory is used in physics, not just to capture classical probability, but also to quantify the number of states. In previous works, we found that state quantification plays a foundational role in classical mechanics, and therefore,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-05 Gabriele Carcassi , Christine A. Aidala

Results of measurements give legitimacy to a physical theory. What if acquiring these results in the first place necessitates what the same theory considers to be an interaction? In this note, we assume that theories account for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-01 Arne Hansen , Stefan Wolf

We consider the problem of determining the state of a quantum system given one or more readings of the expectation value of an observable. The system is assumed to be a finite dimensional quantum control system for which we can influence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Domenico D'Alessandro

The emergence of quantum devices has raised a significant issue: how to certify the quantum properties of a device without placing trust in it. To characterise quantum states and measurements in a device-independent way, up to some degree…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Shubhayan Sarkar , Alexandre C. Orthey, , Remigiusz Augusiak

The existence of contextuality in quantum mechanics is a fundamental departure from the classical description of the world. Currently, the quest to identify scenarios which cannot be more contextual than quantum theory is at the forefront…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-14 Dileep Singh , Jaskaran Singh , Kavita Dorai , Arvind

Our aim is to compare the fundamental notions of quantum physics - contextuality vs. incompatibility. One has to distinguish two different notions of contextuality, {\it Bohr-contextuality} and {\it Bell-contextuality}. The latter is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-18 Andrei Khrennikov

In this sequence of papers, noncommutative analysis is used to give a consistent axiomatic approach to a unified conceptual foundation of classical and quantum physics. The present Part I defines the concepts of observables, states and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Arnold Neumaier

From the perspective of quantum information theory, a system so simple as one restricted to just two nonorthogonal states can be surprisingly rich in physics. In this paper, we explore the extent of this statement through a review of three…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Christopher A. Fuchs

Quantum contextuality describes scenarios in which it is impossible to explain the experimental evidence in terms of a measurement independent reality. Here, I introduce a three-path interferometer in which all five contexts needed for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-29 Holger F. Hofmann

State transformations in quantum mechanics are described by completely positive maps which are constructed from quantum channels. We call a finest sharp quantum channel a context. The result of a measurement depends on the context under…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-01 Stan Gudder

Our everyday experiences support the hypothesis that physical systems exist independently of the act of observation. Concordant theories are characterized by the objective realism assumption whereby the act of measurement simply reveals…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-05 Jayne Thompson , Pawel Kurzynski , Su-Yong Lee , Akihito Soeda , Dagomir Kaszlikowski

Quantum coherence, present whenever a quantum system exists in a superposition of multiple classically distinct states, marks one of the fundamental departures from classical physics. Quantum coherence has recently been investigated…

A suggestion for an observational test of the difference between quantum mechanics and noncontextual hidden variables theories requires the measurement of a product of two commuting observables without measuring either observable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. L. Schafir

We introduce contextual values as a generalization of the eigenvalues of an observable that takes into account both the system observable and a general measurement procedure. This technique leads to a natural definition of a general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-16 J. Dressel , S. Agarwal , A. N. Jordan

It is nowadays accepted that truly quantum correlations can exist even in the absence of entanglement. For the case of symmetric states, a physically trivial unitary transformation can alter a quantum state from entangled to separable and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-24 Aaron Z. Goldberg , Markus Grassl , Gerd Leuchs , Luis L. Sánchez-Soto

Conventional wisdom asserts that measurement incompatibility is necessary for revealing the non-locality and contextuality. In contrast, a recent work [Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 230201 (2023)] demonstrates the generalized contextuality without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-11 Partha Patra , Sumit Mukherjee , A. K. Pan

Despite the conceptual importance of contextuality in quantum mechanics, there is a hitherto limited number of applications requiring contextuality but not entanglement. Here, we show that for any quantum state and observables of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 Shashank Gupta , Debashis Saha , Zhen-Peng Xu , Adán Cabello , A. S. Majumdar