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Extreme classification tasks are multi-label tasks with an extremely large number of labels (tags). These tasks are hard because the label space is usually (i) very large, e.g. thousands or millions of labels, (ii) very sparse, i.e. very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Elham J. Barezi , Iacer Calixto , Kyunghyun Cho , Pascale Fung

This paper attempts multi-label classification by extending the idea of independent binary classification models for each output label, and exploring how the inherent correlation between output labels can be used to improve predictions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-26 Amit Garg , Jonathan Noyola , Romil Verma , Ashutosh Saxena , Aditya Jami

Sparse coding has been popularly used as an effective data representation method in various applications, such as computer vision, medical imaging and bioinformatics, etc. However, the conventional sparse coding algorithms and its manifold…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-04-04 Jing-Yan Wang

Deep generative models (DGMs) are effective on learning multilayered representations of complex data and performing inference of input data by exploring the generative ability. However, it is relatively insufficient to empower the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-23 Chongxuan Li , Jun Zhu , Bo Zhang

Multi-label classification is becoming increasingly ubiquitous, but not much attention has been paid to interpretability. In this paper, we develop a multi-label classifier that can be represented as a concise set of simple "if-then" rules,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Martino Ciaperoni , Han Xiao , Aristides Gionis

In many real-world applications, data is not collected as one batch, but sequentially over time, and often it is not possible or desirable to wait until the data is completely gathered before analyzing it. Thus, we propose a framework to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-09 Elizabeth Hou , Alfred O. Hero

Learning a regression function using censored or interval-valued output data is an important problem in fields such as genomics and medicine. The goal is to learn a real-valued prediction function, and the training output labels indicate an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-30 Alexandre Drouin , Toby Dylan Hocking , François Laviolette

In the realm of unsupervised image outlier detection, assigning outlier scores holds greater significance than its subsequent task: thresholding for predicting labels. This is because determining the optimal threshold on non-separable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Zhonghang Liu , Panzhong Lu , Guoyang Xie , Zhichao Lu , Wen-Yan Lin

Pretrained multilingual encoder models can directly perform zero-shot multilingual tasks or linguistic probing by reformulating the input examples into cloze-style prompts. This is accomplished by predicting the probabilities of the label…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Ercong Nie , Helmut Schmid , Hinrich Schütze

Extreme Multi-label Classification (XMC) methods predict relevant labels for a given query in an extremely large label space. Recent works in XMC address this problem using deep encoders that project text descriptions to an embedding space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Kunal Dahiya , Diego Ortego , David Jiménez

Many real-world classification tasks require predicting multiple labels per instance, necessitating the optimization of complex evaluation metrics such as the $F$-measure and Jaccard index. While the Empirical Utility Maximization (EUM)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Mehryar Mohri , Yutao Zhong

In this paper, we address the problem of multi-label classification. We consider linear classifiers and propose to learn a prior over the space of labels to directly leverage the performance of such methods. This prior takes the form of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-06-08 Rémi Lajugie , Piotr Bojanowski , Sylvain Arlot , Francis Bach

Competitive methods for multi-label classification typically invest in learning labels together. To do so in a beneficial way, analysis of label dependence is often seen as a fundamental step, separate and prior to constructing a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-07-19 Jesse Read , Jaakko Hollmén

The foundational concept of Max-Margin in machine learning is ill-posed for output spaces with more than two labels such as in structured prediction. In this paper, we show that the Max-Margin loss can only be consistent to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Alex Nowak-Vila , Alessandro Rudi , Francis Bach

Label embedding is a framework for multiclass classification problems where each label is represented by a distinct vector of some fixed dimension, and training involves matching model output to the vector representing the correct label.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Jianxin Zhang , Clayton Scott

Many tasks in natural language processing can be viewed as multi-label classification problems. However, most of the existing models are trained with the standard cross-entropy loss function and use a fixed prediction policy (e.g., a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Jiawei Wu , Wenhan Xiong , William Yang Wang

Classification is a vital tool that is important for modelling many complex numerical models. A model or system may be such that, for certain areas of input space, the output either does not exist, or is not in a quantifiable form. Here, we…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-04 Louise Kimpton , Peter Challenor , Daniel Williamson

Multi-label classification, which involves assigning multiple labels to a single input, has emerged as a key area in both research and industry due to its wide-ranging applications. Designing effective loss functions is crucial for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Alexandre Audibert , Aurélien Gauffre , Massih-Reza Amini

The clinical notes are usually typed into the system by physicians. They are typically required to be marked by standard medical codes, and each code represents a diagnosis or medical treatment procedure. Annotating these notes is time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Guodong Liu

Being able to model correlations between labels is considered crucial in multi-label classification. Rule-based models enable to expose such dependencies, e.g., implications, subsumptions, or exclusions, in an interpretable and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Yannik Klein , Michael Rapp , Eneldo Loza Mencía