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In the next years the data transmission connections will constitute one of the principal tools of communication among cities, enterprises and public administration. With their enhanced connectivity, the systems and nets of information are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-14 Fabio A. Bovino , Maurizio Giardina

Mediated semi-quantum key distribution (M-SQKD) permits two limited "semi-quantum" or "classical" users to establish a secret key with the help of a third party (TP), in which TP has fully quantum power and may be untrusted. Several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-07 Chong-Qiang Ye , Jian Li , Xiu-Bo Chen , Yan-Yan Hou

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables the establishment of secret keys between users connected via a channel vulnerable to eavesdropping, with information-theoretic security, that is, independently of the power of a malevolent party. QKD…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a cornerstone of the secure quantum encryption. Building on the quantum irreversibility, we develop a technique reborning the existing QKDs into protocols that are unrestricted in distance and have…

With the rapid development of quantum computers the currently secure cryptographic protocols may not stay that way. Quantum mechanics provides means to create an inherently secure communication channel that is protected by the laws of…

Popular Physics · Physics 2022-12-01 Andrew Frigyik

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two distant parties to share secret keys with the proven security even in the presence of an eavesdropper with unbounded computational power. Recently, GHz-clock decoy QKD systems have been realized by…

Biometric authentication has become integral to digital identity systems, particularly in smart cities where it en-ables secure access to services across governance, trans-portation, and public infrastructure. Centralised archi-tectures,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Tooba Qasim , Vasilios A. Siris , Izak Oosthuizen , Muttukrishnan Rajarajan , Sujit Biswas

Since the introduction of quantum computation by Richard Feynman in 1982, Quantum computation has shown exemplary results in various applications of computer science including unstructured database search, factorization, molecular…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-29 Hemant Rana , Nitin Verma

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables unconditionally secure communication ensured by the laws of physics, opening a promising route to security infrastructure for the coming age of quantum computers. QKD's demonstrated secret-key rates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-15 Zheshen Zhang , Changchen Chen , Quntao Zhuang , Franco N. C. Wong , Jeffrey H. Shapiro

Broadbent and Islam (TCC '20) proposed a quantum cryptographic primitive called quantum encryption with certified deletion. In this primitive, a receiver in possession of a quantum ciphertext can generate a classical certificate that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-11 Taiga Hiroka , Tomoyuki Morimae , Ryo Nishimaki , Takashi Yamakawa

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a cryptographic method enabling two parties to establish a private encryption key. The range of communication of ground-based QKD is limited to an order of 100km, due to in-fibre attenuations and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-04 Olivia Lee , Tom Vergoossen

We introduce a simple, practical approach with probabilistic information-theoretic security to solve one of quantum key distribution's major security weaknesses: the requirement of an authenticated classical channel to prevent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-08-27 Travis R. Beals , Kevin P. Hynes , Barry C. Sanders

The security of a standard bi-directional "plug & play" quantum key distribution (QKD) system has been an open question for a long time. This is mainly because its source is equivalently controlled by an eavesdropper, which means the source…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Yi Zhao , Bing Qi , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Quantum resistance is vital for emerging cryptographic systems as quantum technologies continue to advance towards large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computers. Resistance may be offered by quantum key distribution (QKD), which provides…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the most used protocol in the context of quantum cryptography for sharing a private encryption key between two parties. Covid-19 pandemic has raised the ever-increasing need for online communications a lot;…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-01 Ekin Aykut , Hashir Kuniyil , Melis Pahalı , Gizem Gül , Naser Jam , Kadir Durak

With the rapid development of quantum computing, classical cryptography systems are increasingly vulnerable to security threats, thereby highlighting the urgency of constructing architectures that are resilient to quantum computing attacks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Xiaoming Chen , Haoze Chen , Fei Xu , Meifeng Gao , Jianguo Xie , Cheng Ye , An Hua , Shichang Jiang , Jiao Zhao , Minghan Li , Feilong Li , Yajun Miao , Wei Qi

A two-layer quantum protocol for secure transmission of data using qubits is presented. The protocol is an improvement over the BB84 QKD protocol. BB84, in conjunction with the one-time pad algorithm, has been shown to be unconditionally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-05-03 Saied Hosseini-Khayat , Iman Marvian

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is one of the most practical applications in quantum information processing, which can generate information-theoretical secure keys between remote parties. With the help of the wavelength-division multiplexing…

Using quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, a secret key is created between two distant users (transmitter and receiver) at a particular key rate. Quantum technology can facilitate secure communication for cryptographic applications,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Venkat Abhignan , Mohit Mittal , Aditi Das , Megha Shrivastava

A quantum cryptographic protocol based in public key cryptography combinations and private key cryptography is presented. Unlike the BB84 protocol [1] and its many variants [2,3] two quantum channels are used. The present research does not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-15 Eduin H. Serna
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