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We prove that there exist infinite families of regular bipartite Ramanujan graphs of every degree bigger than 2. We do this by proving a variant of a conjecture of Bilu and Linial about the existence of good 2-lifts of every graph. We also…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-03-04 Adam Marcus , Daniel A. Spielman , Nikhil Srivastava

Mixed graphs can be seen as digraphs with arcs and edges (or digons, that is, two opposite arcs). In this paper, we consider the case where such graphs are bipartite and in which the undirected and directed degrees are one. The best graphs,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-29 C. Dalfó , G. Erskine , G. Exoo , M. A. Fiol , J. Tuite

For an odd integer $k$, let $\mathcal{C}_k = \{C_3,C_5,...,C_k\}$ denote the family of all odd cycles of length at most $k$ and let $\mathcal{C}$ denote the family of all odd cycles. Erd\H{o}s and Simonovits \cite{ESi1} conjectured that for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-10-16 Peter Allen , Peter Keevash , Benny Sudakov , Jacques Verstraete

Let $k$ and $l$ be integers, both at least 2. A $(k,l)$-bipartite graph is an $l$-regular bipartite multigraph with coloured bipartite sets of size $k$. Define $\chi(k,l)$ and $\mu(k,l)$ to be the minimum and maximum order of automorphism…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-06 Peter J. Cameron , Coen del Valle , Colva M. Roney-Dougal

Let $G$ be a dense graph with good expansion properties and not too close to being bipartite. Let $\boldsymbol d$ be a graphical degree sequence. Under very weak conditions, we find the number of subgraphs of $G$ with degree sequence…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-27 Mikhail Isaev , Brendan D. McKay

Topological drawings are natural representations of graphs in the plane, where vertices are represented by points, and edges by curves connecting the points. Topological drawings of complete graphs and of complete bipartite graphs have been…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2017-02-10 Jean Cardinal , Stefan Felsner

We prove that any triangle-free graph on $n$ vertices with minimum degree at least $d$ contains a bipartite induced subgraph of minimum degree at least $d^2/(2n)$. This is sharp up to a logarithmic factor in $n$. Relatedly, we show that the…

Let $G$ be a connected graph. If $G$ contains a matching of size $k$, and every matching of size $k$ is contained in a perfect matching of $G$, then $G$ is said to be \emph{$k$-extendable}. A $k$-regular spanning subgraph of $G$ is called a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-18 Dandan Fan , Huiqiu Lin

An $(a,b)$-biregular bipartite graph is a bipartite graph with bipartition $(X, Y)$ such that each vertex in $X$ has degree $a$ and each vertex in $Y$ has degree $b$. By the bipartite expander mixing lemma, biregular bipartite graphs have…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-11 Dandan Fan , Xiaofeng Gu , Huiqiu Lin

We study the problem of Minimum $k$-Critical Bipartite Graph of order $(n,m)$ - M$k$CBG-$(n,m)$: to find a bipartite $G=(U,V;E)$, with $|U|=n$, $|V|=m$, and $n>m>1$, which is $k$-critical bipartite, and the tuple $(|E|, \Delta_U,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-06 Sylwia Cichacz , Karol Suchan

A bipartite graph G is known to be Pfaffian if and only if it does not contain an even subdivision H of $K_{3,3}$ such that $G - VH$ contains a 1-factor. However a general characterisation of Pfaffian graphs in terms of forbidden subgraphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Charles H. C. Little , Franz Rendl , Ilse Fischer

A bihole in a bipartite graph $G$ with partite sets $A$ and $B$ is an independent set $I$ in $G$ with $|I\cap A|=|I\cap B|$. We prove lower bounds on the largest order of biholes in balanced bipartite graphs subject to conditions involving…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-13 Stefan Ehard , Elena Mohr , Dieter Rautenbach

We study the problem of finding a minimum $k$-critical-bipartite graph of order $(n,m)$: a bipartite graph $G=(U,V;E)$, with $|U|=n$, $|V|=m$, and $n>m>1$, which is $k$-critical-bipartite, and the tuple $(|E|, \Delta_U, \Delta_V)$, where…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-17 Sylwia Cichacz , Agieszka Görlich , Karol Suchan

We consider the algorithmic problem of finding large \textit{balanced} independent sets in sparse random bipartite graphs, and more generally the problem of finding independent sets with specified proportions of vertices on each side of the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Will Perkins , Yuzhou Wang

A graph $G$ is called $C_{2k+1}$-free if it does not contain any cycle of length $2k+1$. In 1981, Haggkvist, Faudree and Schelp showed that every $n$-vertex triangle-free graph with more than $\frac{(n-1)^2}{4}+1$ edges is bipartite. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-18 Sijie Ren , Jian Wang , Shipeng Wang , Weihua Yang

For the set of graphs with a given degree sequence, consisting of any number of $2's$ and $1's$, and its subset of bipartite graphs, we characterize the optimal graphs who maximize and minimize the number of $m$-matchings. We find the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-01-16 S. Friedland , E. Krop , K. Markström

For a positive integer $k\ge 1$, a graph $G$ is $k$-stepwise irregular ($k$-SI graph) if the degrees of every pair of adjacent vertices differ by exactly $k$. Such graphs are necessarily bipartite. Using graph products it is demonstrated…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Yaser Alizadeh , Sandi Klavžar , Javaher Langari

The paper consider an equivalence relation in the set of vertices of a bipartite graph. Some numerical characteristics showing the cardinality of equivalence classes are introduced. A combinatorial identity that is in relationship to these…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-04-28 Krasimir Yordzhev

We consider the bipartite version of the {\it degree/diameter problem}, namely, given natural numbers $d\ge2$ and $D\ge2$, find the maximum number $\N^b(d,D)$ of vertices in a bipartite graph of maximum degree $d$ and diameter $D$. In this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-05-06 Ramiro Feria-Puron , Mirka Miller , Guillermo Pineda-Villavicencio

We consider a natural, yet seemingly not much studied, extremal problem in bipartite graphs. A bi-hole of size $t$ in a bipartite graph $G$ is a copy of $K_{t, t}$ in the bipartite complement of $G$. Let $f(n, \Delta)$ be the largest $k$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-26 Maria Axenovich , Jean-Sébastien Sereni , Richard Snyder , Lea Weber