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Topological defects are common in many everyday systems. In general, they appear if a symmetry is broken at a rapid phase transition. In this article, I explain why it is believed that they should have also been formed in the early universe…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Rajantie

Before the universe there was nothing, absolute nothing. That is the starting point because it is the only starting point that requires no cause, no explanation nor justification of its existence. But, that starting point has two…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Roger Ellman

Ever since its foundations were laid nearly a century ago, quantum theory has provoked questions about the very nature of reality. We address these questions by considering the universe, and the multiverse, fundamentally as complex…

General Physics · Physics 2021-04-13 Alan McKenzie

The evidence for a Big Bang origin of the Universe is truly compelling, though its cause remains a complete mystery. As the cosmic spacetime is revealed to us with ever improving detail, however, we are beginning to refine the range of its…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-01 Fulvio Melia

We discuss how developments in physics often imply in the need that spacetime acquires an increasingly richer and complex structure. General Relativity was the first theory to show us the way to connect space and time with the physical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Orfeu Bertolami

In order to relate the probabilistic predictions of quantum theory uniquely to measurement results, one has to conceive of an ensemble of identically prepared copies of the quantum system under study. Since the universe is the total domain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Helmut Fink , Hajo Leschke

We study some collective phenomena that may happen in a multiverse scenario. First, it is posed an interaction scheme between universes whose evolution is dominated by a cosmological constant. As a result of the interaction, the value of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-04 A. Alonso-Serrano , C. Bastos , O. Bertolami , S. Robles-Perez

The study of the properties of cosmic structures in the universe is one of the most fascinating subject of the modern cosmology research. Far from being predicted, the large scale structure of the matter distribution is a very recent…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-11-23 L. Pietronero , M. Bottaccio , M. Montuori , F. Sylos Labini

Special relativity is generalized to extra dimensions and quantized energy levels of particles are obtained. By calculating the probability of particles' motion in extra dimensions at high temperature of the early universe, it is proposed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Feng Luo , Hongya Liu

It is intriguing to consider the possibility that the Big Bang of the standard (3+1) dimensional cosmology originated from the collision of two branes within a higher dimensional spacetime, leading to the production of a large amount of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Jose J. Blanco-Pillado , Martin Bucher , Sima Ghassemi , Frederic Glanois

We study a five-dimensional cosmological model, which suggests that the universe bagan as a discontinuity in a (Higgs-type) scalar field, or alternatively as a conventional four-dimensional phase transition.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Tomas Liko , Paul S. Wesson

Our universe appears to have been created not out of nothing but from a strange space-time dust. Quantum geometry (loop quantum gravity) makes it possible to avoid the ominous beginning of our universe with its physically unrealistic (i.e.…

Popular Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ruediger Vaas

A possibility of existence of ultra-heavy (quasi)stable particles, mechanisms leading to their large life-time, their production in the early universe, and cosmological manifestations are reviewed.

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 A. D. Dolgov

Although cosmology is usually considered an observational science, where there is little or no space for experimentation, other approaches can (and have been) also considered. In particular, we can change rather drastically the above, more…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Stefano Ansoldi , Eduardo I. Guendelman

I survey physics theories involving parallel universes, which form a natural four-level hierarchy of multiverses allowing progressively greater diversity. Level I: A generic prediction of inflation is an infinite ergodic universe, which…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Max Tegmark

Cosmoparticle physics is the natural result of development of mutual relationship between cosmology and particle physics. Its prospects offer the way to study the theory of everything and the true history of the Universe, based on it, in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Maxim Yu. Khlopov

Valid ideas that physical reality is vastly larger than human perception of it, and that the perceived part may not be representative of the whole, exist on many levels and have a long history. After a brief general inventory of those ideas…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-16 Frank Wilczek

The universe we see gives every sign of being composed of matter. This is considered a major unsolved problem in theoretical physics. Using the mathematical modeling based on the algebra ${\bf{T}} := {\bf{C}}\otimes{\bf{H}}\otimes{\bf{O}}$,…

General Physics · Physics 2014-07-21 Geoffrey Dixon

Conventional thinking says the universe is infinite. But it could be finite and relatively small, merely giving the illusion of a greater one, like a hall of mirrors. Recent astronomical measurements add support to a finite space with a…

Popular Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jean-Pierre Luminet

The multiverse view in set theory, introduced and argued for in this article, is the view that there are many distinct concepts of set, each instantiated in a corresponding set-theoretic universe. The universe view, in contrast, asserts…

Logic · Mathematics 2014-11-18 Joel David Hamkins