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With increasingly sophisticated large language models (LLMs), the potential for abuse rises drastically. As a submission to the Swiss AI Safety Prize, we present a novel type of metamorphic malware leveraging LLMs for two key processes.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Benjamin Zimmerman , David Zollikofer

Deepfake represents a category of face-swapping attacks that leverage machine learning models such as autoencoders or generative adversarial networks. Although the concept of the face-swapping is not new, its recent technical advances make…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Chaofei Yang , Lei Ding , Yiran Chen , Hai Li

Machine learning models have demonstrated vulnerability to adversarial attacks, more specifically misclassification of adversarial examples. In this paper, we propose a one-off and attack-agnostic Feature Manipulation (FM)-Defense to detect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Shuo Wang , Tianle Chen , Surya Nepal , Carsten Rudolph , Marthie Grobler , Shangyu Chen

Over the last few years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have proved to reach super-human performance in visual recognition tasks. However, CNNs can easily be fooled by adversarial examples, i.e., maliciously-crafted images that force…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Federico Nesti , Alessandro Biondi , Giorgio Buttazzo

Our computer systems for decades have been threatened by various types of hardware and software attacks of which Malwares have been one of them. This malware has the ability to steal, destroy, contaminate, gain unintended access, or even…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Abhijitt Dhavlle , Sanket Shukla

Research shows that over the last decade, malware has been growing exponentially, causing substantial financial losses to various organizations. Different anti-malware companies have been proposing solutions to defend attacks from these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Hemant Rathore , Swati Agarwal , Sanjay K. Sahay , Mohit Sewak

The continued evolution and diversity of malware constitutes a major threat in modern systems. It is well proven that security defenses currently available are ineffective to mitigate the skills and imagination of cyber-criminals…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Irina Baptista , Stavros Shiaeles , Nicholas Kolokotronis

Refactoring is the process of changing a software system in such a way that it does not alter the external behavior of the code yet improves its internal structure. Not only researchers, but also practitioners, need to know about past…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-08-08 Eunjong Choi , Kenji Fujiwara , Norihiro Yoshida , Shinpei Hayashi

Morphing attacks is a threat to biometric systems where the biometric reference in an identity document can be altered. This form of attack presents an important issue in applications relying on identity documents such as border security or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Eklavya Sarkar , Pavel Korshunov , Laurent Colbois , Sébastien Marcel

Malware detection is a critical aspect of information security. One difficulty that arises is that malware often evolves over time. To maintain effective malware detection, it is necessary to determine when malware evolution has occurred so…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Sunhera Paul , Mark Stamp

In recent years, increasing deployment of face recognition technology in security-critical settings, such as border control or law enforcement, has led to considerable interest in the vulnerability of face recognition systems to attacks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Robert Nichols , Christian Rathgeb , Pawel Drozdowski , Christoph Busch

Face recognition has evolved significantly with the advancement of deep learning techniques, enabling its widespread adoption in various applications requiring secure authentication. However, this progress has also increased its exposure to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Iurii Medvedev , Nuno Goncalves

Adversarial examples add imperceptible alterations to inputs with the objective to induce misclassification in machine learning models. They have been demonstrated to pose significant challenges in domains like image classification, with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Muhammad Salman , Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao , Hassan Jameel Asghar , Muhammad Ikram , Sidharth Kaushik , Mohamed Ali Kaafar

Identifying new viral threats, and developing long term defences against current and future computer viruses, requires an understanding of their behaviour, structure and capabilities. This paper aims to advance this understanding by further…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-16 Nikolai Gladychev

A commonly shared component of antivirus suites is a local database of malware signatures that is used during the static analysis process. Despite possible encryption, heuristic obfuscation, or attempts to hide this database from malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-05-17 Aubrey Alston

As malware detection evolves, attackers adopt sophisticated evasion tactics. Traditional file-level fingerprinting, such as cryptographic and fuzzy hashes, is often overlooked as a target for evasion. Malware variants exploit minor binary…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Alsharif Abuadbba , Sean Lamont , Ejaz Ahmed , Cody Christopher , Muhammad Ikram , Uday Tupakula , Daniel Coscia , Mohamed Ali Kaafar , Surya Nepal

Deep Learning algorithms have achieved the state-of-the-art performance for Image Classification and have been used even in security-critical applications, such as biometric recognition systems and self-driving cars. However, recent works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Gabriel Resende Machado , Eugênio Silva , Ronaldo Ribeiro Goldschmidt

The theory of computer viruses has been studied by several authors, though there is no systematic theoretical study up to now. The long time open question in this area is as follows: Is it possible to design a signature-free (including…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-07-24 Yongge Wang

Malware evolves over time and antivirus must adapt to such evolution. Hence, it is critical to detect those points in time where malware has evolved so that appropriate countermeasures can be undertaken. In this research, we perform a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Lolitha Sresta Tupadha , Mark Stamp

This paper presents a novel predictive model, MetaMorph, for metamorphic registration of images with appearance changes (i.e., caused by brain tumors). In contrast to previous learning-based registration methods that have little or no…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Jian Wang , Jiarui Xing , Jason Druzgal , William M. Wells , Miaomiao Zhang