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Code switching is an established technique that facilitates a universal set of FT quantum gate operations by combining two QEC codes with complementary sets of gates, which each by themselves are easy to implement fault-tolerantly. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-10 Sascha Heußen , Janine Hilder

In general coding theory, we often assume that error is observed in transferring or storing encoded symbols, while the process of encoding itself is error-free. Motivated by recent applications of coding theory, in this paper, we consider…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Nastaran Abadi Khooshemehr , Mohammad Ali Maddah-Ali

Optical knots and links have attracted great attention because of their exotic topological characteristics. Recent investigations have shown that the information encoding based on optical knots could possess robust features against external…

In this paper we introduce the notion of a spherical knot mosaic where a knot is represented by tiling the surface of a topological 2-sphere with 11 canonical knot mosaic tiles and show this gives rise to several novel knot (and link)…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Ally Nagasawa-Hinck , Peyton Phinehas Wood

Floquet codes define fault-tolerant protocols through periodic measurement sequences that drive a dynamically evolving stabilizer group. They provide a natural framework for hardware supporting two-qubit parity measurements but no unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Shoham Jacoby , Alex Retzker , Fernando Pastawski

We develop a purely combinatorial framework for the systematic enumeration of knot and link diagrams supported on the thickened torus $T^2\times I$. Using the theory of maps on surfaces, cellular $4$--regular torus projections are encoded…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-23 Alexander Omelchenko

The problem of distributed matrix multiplication with straggler tolerance over finite fields is considered, focusing on field sizes for which previous solutions were not applicable (for instance, the field of two elements). We employ…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Adrián Fidalgo-Díaz , Umberto Martínez-Peñas

Modular architectures offer a scalable path toward fault-tolerant quantum computing by interconnecting smaller quantum processing units (QPUs) provided that high-rate, fault-tolerant interfaces can be realized across modules. We present a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Frederik K. Marqversen , Gefen Baranes , Maxim Sirotin , Johannes Borregaard

We compose the table of knots in the thickened torus T x I having diagrams with at most 4 crossings. The knots are constructed by the three-step process. First we list regular graphs of degree 4 with at most 4 vertices, then for each graph…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2012-07-02 A. A. Akimova , S. V. Matveev

In this paper we introduce the concept of a space-efficient knot mosaic. That is, we seek to determine how to create knot mosaics using the least number of non-blank tiles necessary to depict the knot. This least number is called the tile…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-05-18 Aaron Heap , Douglas Knowles

In this article we discuss applications of neural networks to recognising knots and, in particular, to the unknotting problem. One of motivations for this study is to understand how neural networks work on the example of a problem for which…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2022-11-28 L. H. Kauffman , N. E. Russkikh , I. A. Taimanov

Fault tolerant quantum computation over distributed quantum computing (DQC) platforms requires careful evaluation of resource requirements and noise thresholds. As quantum hardware advances toward modular and networked architectures,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Nitish Kumar Chandra , Eneet Kaur , Kaushik P. Seshadreesan

Topological color codes defined by the 4.8.8 semiregular lattice feature geometrically local check operators and admit transversal implementation of the entire Clifford group, making them promising candidates for fault-tolerant quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-14 Ashley M. Stephens

We show that polynomial codes (and some related codes) used for distributed matrix multiplication are interleaved Reed-Solomon codes and, hence, can be collaboratively decoded. We consider a fault tolerant setup where $t$ worker nodes…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Adarsh M. Subramaniam , Anoosheh Heiderzadeh , Krishna R. Narayanan

Low-depth random circuit codes possess many desirable properties for quantum error correction but have so far only been analyzed in the code capacity setting where it is assumed that encoding gates and syndrome measurements are noiseless.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-01 Jon Nelson , Gregory Bentsen , Steven T. Flammia , Michael J. Gullans

Fault tolerance is a prerequisite for scalable quantum computing. Architectures based on 2D topological codes are effective for near-term implementations of fault tolerance. To obtain high performance with these architectures, we require a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-23 Ben Criger , Imran Ashraf

Lomonaco and Kauffman developed a knot mosaic system to introduce a precise and workable definition of a quantum knot system. This definition is intended to represent an actual physical quantum system. A knot (m,n)-mosaic is an $m \times n$…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-12-16 Seungsang Oh , Kyungpyo Hong , Ho Lee , Hwa Jeong Lee

Topological error correction codes are promising candidates to protect quantum computations from the deteriorating effects of noise. While some codes provide high noise thresholds suitable for robust quantum memories, others allow…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-07 Hendrik Poulsen Nautrup , Nicolai Friis , Hans J. Briegel

Quantum computers can be protected from noise by encoding the logical quantum information redundantly into multiple qubits using error correcting codes. When manipulating the logical quantum states, it is imperative that errors caused by…

Universal fault-tolerant quantum computation will require real-time decoding algorithms capable of quickly extracting logical outcomes from the stream of data generated by noisy quantum hardware. We propose modular decoding, an approach…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-10 Héctor Bombín , Chris Dawson , Ye-Hua Liu , Naomi Nickerson , Fernando Pastawski , Sam Roberts