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We study random graphs with arbitrary distributions of expected degree and derive expressions for the spectra of their adjacency and modularity matrices. We give a complete prescription for calculating the spectra that is exact in the limit…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2013-02-04 Raj Rao Nadakuditi , M. E. J. Newman

The eigendecomposition of the coupling matrix of large biological networks is central to the study of the dynamics of these networks. For neural networks, this matrix should reflect the topology of the network and conform with Dale's law…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2015-09-08 Hervé Rouault , Shaul Druckmann

Using methods from random matrix theory researchers have recently calculated the full spectra of random networks with arbitrary degrees and with community structure. Both reveal interesting spectral features, including deviations from the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2014-04-29 Xiao Zhang , Raj Rao Nadakuditi , M. E. J. Newman

We provide a general formula for the eigenvalue density of large random $N\times N$ matrices of the form $A = M + LJR$, where $M$, $L$ and $R$ are arbitrary deterministic matrices and $J$ is a random matrix of zero-mean independent and…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2015-01-27 Yashar Ahmadian , Francesco Fumarola , Kenneth D. Miller

Networks are often studied using the eigenvalues of their adjacency matrix, a powerful mathematical tool with a wide range of applications. Since in real systems the exact graph structure is not known, researchers resort to random graphs to…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-30 Pau Vilimelis Aceituno

Although the spectra of random networks have been studied for a long time, the influence of network topology on the dense limit of network spectra remains poorly understood. By considering the configuration model of networks with four…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2020-10-23 Fernando L. Metz , Jeferson D. Silva

Network representations are useful for describing the structure of a large variety of complex systems. Although most studies of real-world networks suppose that nodes are connected by only a single type of edge, most natural and engineered…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-08-05 Rubén J. Sánchez-García , Emanuele Cozzo , Yamir Moreno

Inspired by the importance of inhibitory and excitatory couplings in the brain, we analyze the largest eigenvalue statistics of random networks incorporating such features. We find that the largest real part of eigenvalues of a network,…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2013-04-30 Sanjiv Kumar Dwivedi , Sarika Jalan

Correlation function of complex eigenvalues of N by N random matrices drawn from non-Hermitean random matrix ensemble of symplectic symmetry is given in terms of a quaternion determinant. Spectral properties of Gaussian ensembles are…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 E. Kanzieper

We calculate the probability to find exactly $n$ eigenvalues in a spectral interval of a large random $N \times N$ matrix when this interval contains $s \ll N$ eigenvalues on average. The calculations exploit an analogy to the problem of…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-22 M. M. Fogler , B. I. Shklovskii

Associative memory is a fundamental function in the brain. Here, we generalize the standard associative memory model to include long-range Hebbian interactions at the learning stage, corresponding to a large synaptic integration window. In…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2021-12-21 Jianwen Zhou , Zijian Jiang , Tianqi Hou , Ziming Chen , K Y Michael Wong , Haiping Huang

The largest eigenvalue of a network's adjacency matrix and its associated principal eigenvector are key elements for determining the topological structure and the properties of dynamical processes mediated by it. We present a physically…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-10-31 Claudio Castellano , Romualdo Pastor-Satorras

When a randomness is introduced at the level of real matrix elements, depending on its particular realization, a pair of eigenvalues can appear as real or form a complex conjugate pair. We show that in the limit of large matrix size the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-01-12 Wojciech Tarnowski

This paper is concerned with the interplay between statistical asymmetry and spectral methods. Suppose we are interested in estimating a rank-1 and symmetric matrix $\mathbf{M}^{\star}\in \mathbb{R}^{n\times n}$, yet only a randomly…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-10 Yuxin Chen , Chen Cheng , Jianqing Fan

The study of complex networks has been one of the most active fields in science in recent decades. Spectral properties of networks (or graphs that represent them) are of fundamental importance. Researchers have been investigating these…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-25 Daniel Montealegre , Van Vu

Spectral features are widely incorporated within Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to improve their expressive power, or their ability to distinguish among non-isomorphic graphs. One popular example is the usage of graph Laplacian eigenvectors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Snir Hordan , Maya Bechler-Speicher , Gur Lifshitz , Nadav Dym

This review presents an account of the major works done on spectra of adjacency matrices drawn on networks and the basic understanding attained so far. We have divided the review under three sections: (a) extremal eigenvalues, (b) bulk part…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-12-20 Camellia Sarkar , Sarika Jalan

This paper is concerned with the asymptotic distribution of the largest eigenvalues for some nonlinear random matrix ensemble stemming from the study of neural networks. More precisely we consider $M= \frac{1}{m} YY^\top$ with $Y=f(WX)$…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-01-14 Lucas Benigni , Sandrine Péché

We study the spectra and eigenvectors of the adjacency matrices of scale-free networks when bi-directional interaction is allowed, so that the adjacency matrix is real and symmetric. The spectral density shows an exponential decay around…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 K. -I. Goh , B. Kahng , D. Kim

Neural networks with recurrent asymmetric couplings are important to understand how episodic memories are encoded in the brain. Here, we integrate the experimental observation of wide synaptic integration window into our model of sequence…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-02-10 Zijian Jiang , Ziming Chen , Tianqi Hou , Haiping Huang