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We derive a theory-independent version of the momentum constraint equation for use in cosmology, as a part of the Parameterised Post-Newtonian Cosmology (PPNC) framework. Our equations are constructed by adapting the corresponding…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-05-06 Theodore Anton , Timothy Clifton

Without invoking a perturbative expansion, we define the cosmological curvature perturbation, and consider its behaviour assuming that the universe is smooth over a sufficiently large comoving scale. The equations are simple, resembling…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-09 David H. Lyth , Karim A. Malik , Misao Sasaki

Using the fully nonlinear and exact perturbation formulation with magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in Minkowski background we derive first-order post-Newtonian (1PN) equations without imposing the slicing (temporal gauge) condition. The 1PN MHD…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-14 Jai-chan Hwang , Hyerim Noh

The standard numerical tools for studying non-linear collapse of matter are Newtonian $N$-body simulations. Previous work has shown that these simulations are in accordance with General Relativity (GR) up to first order in perturbation…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-07 Christian Fidler , Thomas Tram , Cornelius Rampf , Robert Crittenden , Kazuya Koyama , David Wands

We study the cosmological constraints on the variation of the Newton's constant and on post-Newtonian parameters for simple models of scalar-tensor theory of gravity beyond the extended Jordan-Brans-Dicke theory. We restrict ourselves to an…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-07 M. Rossi , M. Ballardini , M. Braglia , F. Finelli , D. Paoletti , A. A. Starobinsky , C. Umiltà

Einstein field equations with a cosmological constant are approximated to the second order in the perturbation to a flat background metric. The final result is a set of Einstein-Maxwell-Proca equations for gravity in the weak field regime.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Clovis Jacinto de Matos

We calculate the relativistic constraint equation which relates the curvature perturbation to the matter density contrast at second order in cosmological perturbation theory. This relativistic "second order Poisson equation" is presented in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-03-13 Juan Carlos Hidalgo , Adam J. Christopherson , Karim A. Malik

Newtonian Cosmology is commonly used in astrophysical problems, because of its obvious simplicity when compared with general relativity. However it has inherent difficulties, the most obvious of which is the non-existence of a well-posed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-12-03 Tamath Rainsford , Peter Szekeres

Post-Newtonian (PN) theory provides the analytic foundation for modeling the early inspiral of binary black holes. However, as an asymptotic series, successive PN orders do not necessarily improve agreement with the full nonlinear dynamics.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-21 Dongze Sun , Béatrice Bonga , Leo C. Stein , Guido Da Re

Two-parameter perturbation theory is a scheme tailor-made to consistently include nonlinear density contrasts on small scales ($<100\; \mathrm{Mpc}$), whilst retaining a traditional approach to cosmological perturbations in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-03-18 Christopher Gallagher , Timothy Clifton , Chris Clarkson

We present the leading order non-linear density and velocity power spectra in the complete form; previous studies have omitted the vector- and tensor-type perturbations simultaneously excited by the scalar-type perturbation in nonlinear…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-22 Jai-chan Hwang , Donghui Jeong , Hyerim Noh

We study inhomogeneous perturbations away from the strongly homogeneous background cosmology previously studied. The problem is greatly simplified by using the mapping on the inner Schwarzschild solution. The resulting linear perturbation…

General Physics · Physics 2019-06-04 Günter Scharf

The problem of a compact binary system whose components move on circular orbits is addressed using two different approximation techniques in general relativity. The post-Newtonian (PN) approximation involves an expansion in powers of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-05-12 Luc Blanchet , Steven Detweiler , Alexandre Le Tiec , Bernard F. Whiting

There are now evidences that the cosmological constant $\Lambda$ has a non-zero positive value. Alternative scenarios to a pure cosmological constant model are provided by quintessence, an effective negative pressure fluid permeating the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Antonio Vale , Jose' P. S. Lemos

Present expansion stage of the universe is believed to be mainly governed by the cosmological constant, collisionless dark matter and baryonic matter. The latter two components are often modeled as zero-pressure fluids. In our previous work…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 J. Hwang , H. Noh

Cosmological perturbation theory is crucial for our understanding of the universe. The linear theory has been well understood for some time, however developing and applying the theory beyond linear order is currently at the forefront of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-06-03 Adam J. Christopherson

In the context of f(R) theories of gravity, we study the cosmological evolution of scalar perturbations by using a completely general procedure. We find that the exact fourth-order differential equation for the matter density perturbations…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 A. de la Cruz-Dombriz , A. Dobado , A. L. Maroto

We present general relativistic correction terms appearing in Newton's gravity to the second-order perturbations of cosmological fluids. In our previous work we have shown that to the second-order perturbations, the density and velocity…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-12-18 J. Hwang , H. Noh

The Parameterised Post-Newtonian (PPN) approach is the default framework for performing precision tests of gravity in nearby astrophysical systems. In recent works we have extended this approach for cosmological applications, and in this…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-18 Daniel B. Thomas , Theodore Anton , Timothy Clifton , Philip Bull

This paper deals with the time evolution in the matter era of perturbations in Friedman-Lemaitre models with arbitrary density parameter $\Omega$, with either a zero cosmological constant, $\Lambda = 0$, or with a non-zero cosmological…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-23 F. R. Bouchet , S. Colombi , E. Hivon , R. Juszkiewicz